Skip to main content
Log in

Fate and interconversion of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH on gram (Cicer arietinum Linn.) plants under subtropical field conditions at Ludhiana, India

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Anonymous (1986) Annual report “All India Coordinated Research Project on Pesticide Residues”,Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University,Ludniana, pp 8–9.

  • Benezet H J, Matsumura F (1973) Isomerization of gamma-HCH to alpha-BHC in the environment. Nature 243: 480–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biegel W (1988) Lindane: Answers to important questions. Centre International d' Etudes due Lindane, Bruxelles, Belgium. 39 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks G T (1974) Chlorinated insecticides Vol.I.Technology and application, CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio. pp. 185–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deo P G, Hassan S B, Majuradar S K (1982) Interconversion of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. J Food Sci Technol 19: 221–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (1980) Section 12D(1). In: Watts R R (ed) Analysis of pesticide residues in human and environmental samples. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1990) FAO production yearbook Vol.38 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, p.318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalra R L, Chawla R P (1985) Pesticidal contamination of foods in the year 2000 AD. Proc Ind Nat Acad, B 52: 188–204.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehrotra K N (1986) Use of HCH (BHC) and its environmental effects in India. Proc Ind Natl Sci Acad B 51: 581–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newland L W, Chesters G and Lee G B (1969) Degradation of gamma-BHC in simulated lake impoundment as affected by aeration. J Water Pollut Cont Fed. 41: R 174

    Google Scholar 

  • Selenka E (1982) Degradation and residues of BHC isomers in the environment. In:Lindane workshop, Hannover, 39 pp.

  • Singh P P, Chawla R P (1982) Evaluation of sulphuric acid treatment as the clean-up step for the estimation of BHC and DDT in fatty and non-fatty foods. Talanta 29: 231–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinwandter H (1976) Lindane metabolism in plants—II Formation of alfa hexachlorocyclohexane. Chemosphere, 5: 221–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinwandter H (1978) Experiments on lindane metabolism in plants III Formation of beta-HCH. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 20: 235–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinwandter H, Schlutor H (1978) Experiments on lindane metabolism in plants-IV A kinetic investigation. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 21: 174–179.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Singh, P.P., Battu, R.S., Singh, B. et al. Fate and interconversion of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH on gram (Cicer arietinum Linn.) plants under subtropical field conditions at Ludhiana, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50, 798–801 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209941

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209941

Keywords

Navigation