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Resektion und rekonstruktion der carina in Kindern und jugendlichen

Reconstruction of the carina in children and adolescents

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Abstract

While resection of tracheobronchial segments has become a standard operation in adults, lesions of the carina in children are rare and their treatment is technically more demanding. Since 1980, 8 patients aged 8 to 19 years underwent surgical reconstruction of the carina. The indications were tumors in 5 and non-neoplastic lesions in 3. In 3 patients with tumor (2) and advanced histoplasmosis (1), resection of the carina was combined with parenchymal resection. The principles of operative repair include complete resection, with frozen section confirmation in tumors, particular emphasis on adequate mobilization of the airway in children to reduce anastomosic tension, and use of anesthetic techniques that facilitate early extubation. One patient (12.5%) died after complex airway reconstruction for extensive mediastinal fibrosis. Residual malacia in a patient with postpneumonectomy syndrome required successful re-resection. Seven patients remain free of anastomotic stricture and tumor recurrence during a mean follow-up of 62 months (range 5 to 132 months), with expected preservation of lung function. Late bronchoscopy in 5 patients 6 months to 11 years after operation demonstrated growth of the luminal diameter and patent anastomoses. Carinal reconstruction in children is occasionally required, succeeds in general, and does not result in late problems at the anastomosis.

Zusammenfassung

Während die segmentale Resektion der Trachea und Bronchien im Erwachsenenalter weitge hend standardisiert ist, sind Strikturen der Carina im Kindesalter selten und ihre Behandlung herausfordernd. Seit 1980 wurde in 8 Patienten im Alter von 8–19 Jahren die Carina operativ rekonstruiert. Die Indikation waren Tumoren in 5 und nicht-neoplastische Prozesse in 3 Fällen. In 3 Patienten mit Tumor (2) und Mediastinalfibrose (1) wurden Carina- und Lungenresektion kombiniert durchgeführt. Prinzipien der operativen Behandlung sind die vollständige Resektion mit intraoperativer Klärung der Resektionsgrenzen in Tumoren, in Kindern die besondere Beachtung einer addquaten Mobilisation des verbleibenden Luftwegs unter Vermeidung unzuverldssiger Anastomosenspannung und die Wahl von Anästhesieverfahren, die eine sichere Operation und frühzeitige Extubation erlauben. Ein Patient (12,5%) starb nach komplexer Atemwegrekonstruktion bei ausgedehnter Mediastinalfibrose. Malazie in der verbliebenen Trachea in einem Patienten mit Postpneumonektomiesyndrom erforderte eine erfolgreiche Zweitresektion. In einem Beobachtungszeitraum von 5–132 Monaten (im Mittel 62 Monate) blieben 7 Patienten frei von einer Striktur der Anastomose und Tumorrezidiv mit erwarteter Erhaltung der Lungenfunktion. Die bronchoskopische Nachschau in 5 Patienten 6 Monate bis 11 Jahre nach der Operation zeigte ein strikturfreies Wachstum des Lumens. Die Rekonstruktion der Carina ist in Kindern gelegentlich erforderlich, i. allg. erfolgreich und nicht von späten Problemen an der Anastomose gefolgt.

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Gaissert, H.A., Grillo, H.C., Mathisen, D.J. et al. Resektion und rekonstruktion der carina in Kindern und jugendlichen. Langenbecks Arch Chir 380, 166–170 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207724

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