Abstract
This chapter traces the notion of neoliberal subjectivity from a conceptual and empirical perspective. It explores to what extent neoliberal discourses transform how young people understand themselves. The conceptual part juxtaposes the two often referred approaches to subjectivity by Beck and Beck-Gernsheim and by Foucault. Drawing on two empirical studies on the life plans of young adults in Switzerland, the chapter then fleshes out how neoliberal subjectivity manifests in young people’s understandings of themselves. The final section relates the findings to studies from other contexts and discusses the consequences of this self-concept of young adults. Using gender as the primary analytical category, the chapter illustrates how neoliberal subjectivity individualizes responsibility and thereby privatizes persisting inequalities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abelmann, N., Park, S. J., & Hyunhee, K. (2009). College rank and neo-liberal subjectivity in South Korea: The burden of self-development. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 12(2), 229–247.
Ansell, N. (2004). Secondary schooling and rural youth transitions in Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Youth and Society, 36(2), 183–202.
Beck, U., & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2001). Individualization: Institutionalized individualism and its social and political consequences. London: Sage.
Biggart, A., & Walther, A. (2006). Coping with Yo-Yo-transitions: Young adults’ struggle for support, between family and state in comparative perspective. In C. Leccardi & E. Ruspini (Eds.), A new youth? Young people, generations and family life (pp. 41–62). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Bradley, H., & Devadason, R. (2008). Fractured transitions: Young adults’ pathways into contemporary labour markets. Sociology, 42(1), 119–136.
Dyson, J. (2008). Harvesting identities: Youth, work, and gender in the Indian Himalayas. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 98(1), 160–179.
Evans, R. (2006). Negotiating social identities: The influence of gender, age and ethnicity on young people’s “street careers” in Tanzania. Children’s Geographies, 4(1), 109–128.
Evans, B. (2008). Geographies of youth/young people. Geography Compass, 2(5), 1659–1680.
Farrugia, D. (2010). Youth homelessness and individualised subjectivity. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(7), 761–775.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon Books.
Foucault, M. (1988). Technologies of the self. In L. Martin, H. Gutman, & P. Hutton (Eds.), Technologies of the self. A seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16–49). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Foucault, M. (1991). Governmentality. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect. Studies in governmentality (pp. 87–104). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Geldens, P., & Bourke, L. (2008). Identity, uncertainty and responsibility: Privileging place in a risk society. Children’s Geographies, 6(3), 281–294.
Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
Hörschelmann, K. (2008). Transitions to work and the making of neoliberal selves: Growing up in the (former) East Germany. In A. Smith, A. Stenning, & K. Willis (Eds.), Social justice and neoliberalism. Global perspectives (pp. 135–163). London/New York: Zed Books.
Hurrelmann, K., Albert, M., Quenzel, G., & Langness, A. (2006). Eine pragmatische Generation unter Druck – Einführung in die Shell Jugendstudie 2006. In Shell Deutschland Holding (Ed.), Jugend 2006. Eine pragmatische Generation unter Druck (pp. 31–48). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer.
Jeffrey, C. (2010). Geographies of children and youth I: Eroding maps of life. Progress in Human Geography, 34(4), 496–505.
Jeffrey, C. (2012). Geographies of children and youth III: Alchemists of the revolution? Progress in Human Geography, 37(1), 145–152.
Jeffrey, C., & McDowell, L. (2004). Youth in a comparative perspective. Global change, local lives. Youth and Society, 36(2), 131–142.
Juris, J. S., & Pleyers, J. H. (2009). Alter-activism: Emerging cultures of participation among young global justice activists. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(1), 57–75.
Kelly, P. (2006). The entrepreneurial self and “youth at-risk”: Exploring the horizons of identity in the twenty-first century. Journal of Youth Studies, 9(1), 17–32.
Kelly, P. (2009). Generation Y, flexible capitalism and new work ethics. In A. Furlong (Ed.), Handbook of youth and young adulthood (pp. 399–405). Milton Park: Routledge.
Larner, W. (2009). Neoliberalism. In R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (Eds.), International encyclopedia of human geography (pp. 374–378). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Larner, W. (2012). New subjects. In T. Barnes, J. Peck, & E. Sheppard (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to economic geography (pp. 358–371). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Leccardi, C. (2006). Redefining the future: Youthful biographical constructions in the 21st century. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 113, 37–48.
Lemke, T. (2011). Foucault, governementality, and critique. Boulder: Paradigm.
Maihofer, A., Bergman, M. M., Hupka-Brunner, S., Huber, E., Kanji, S., Schwiter, K., & Wehner, N. (2013). Persistenz und Wandel von Geschlechterungleichheiten in Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufen. Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie. Basel: Schlussbericht zu Handen des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds.
McDowell, L. (2002). Masculine discourses and dissonances: Strutting “lads”, protest masculinity, and domestic respectability. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 20, 97–119.
Mills, M., Blossfeld, H.-P., & Klijzing, E. (2005). Becoming an adult in uncertain times: A 14-country comparison of the losers of globalization. In H.-P. Blossfeld, E. Klijzing, M. Mills, & K. Kurz (Eds.), Globalization, uncertainty and youth in society (pp. 423–441). New York: Routledge.
O’Connor, P. (2006). Young people’s constructions of the self. Late modern elements and gender differences. Sociology, 40(1), 107–124.
Orrange, R. M. (2003). The emerging mutable self: Gender dynamics and creative adaptations in defining work, familie, and the future. Social Forces, 82(1), 1–34.
Santoro, M. (2006). Living with parents. A research study on Italian young people and their mothers. In C. Leccardi & E. Ruspini (Eds.), A new youth? Young people, generations and family life (pp. 146–163). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Schwiter, K. (2011a). Anticipating the transition to parenthood: The contribution of Foucaultian discourse analysis to understanding life course patterns. Area, 43(4), 397–404.
Schwiter, K. (2011b). Lebensentwürfe. Junge Erwachsene im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individualisierung und Geschlechternormen. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.
Schwiter, K. (2013). Neoliberal subjectivity – Difference, free choice and individualised responsibility in the life plans of young adults in Switzerland. Geographica Helvetica, 68, 153–159.
TREE, Transitions from Education to Employment. (2013). Project documentation 2000–2012. Basel: TREE.
Van Blerk, L. (2006). Diversity and difference in the everyday lives of Ugandan street children: The significance of age and gender for understanding the use of space. Social Dynamics. A Journal of African studies, 32(1), 47–74.
Waitt, G. (2010). Doing foucauldian discourse analysis: Revealing social realities. In I. Hay (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in human geography (pp. 217–240). Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Worth, N. (2009). Understanding youth transition as “becoming”: Identity, time and futurity. Geoforum, 40, 1050–1060.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the project “Gender Inequalities in Educational and Vocational Pathways” within the Swiss National Science Foundation’s National Research Program 60.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this entry
Cite this entry
Schwiter, K. (2016). Neoliberal Subjectivity and Gendered Inequalities. In: Worth, N., Dwyer, C. (eds) Identities and Subjectivities. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-023-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-023-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-287-022-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-287-023-0
eBook Packages: Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences