Abstract
Cua Dai inlet is a typical microtidal, mixed energy-wave dominated inlet in a tropical monsoon regime in central Vietnam. Both the river flow regime and coastal processes such as induced by waves and tides influence Cua Dai Inlet and its adjacent coasts. Cua Dai Beach, the northern adjacent coast of Cua Dai inlet, has experienced severe erosion since 1995 due to an apparent non-periodic cyclic process, a decrease of sediment supply from the river, estuary and squeeze by coastal developments (Do et al. in J Coast Res 34(1):6–25, 2018). The inlet channel has shifted from North to South which served as an important controlling mechanism for the creation of a new ebb shoal. However, the role of the ebb-tidal delta in relation to the channel shifting and seasonal varying hydrodynamic conditions (river discharge and wave climate) remains poorly understood. Most studies have only considered the impact of waves and tides on the development of the ebb tidal delta. No study has included the impact of a varying river discharge on ebb shoal development and inlet migration. This chapter investigates the seasonal varying hydrodynamics and sediment transport of the inlet and adjacent coasts due to the seasonal varying river discharge and wave climate. The 2DH process-based morphodynamic numerical model (Delft3D) is applied using schematized wave conditions and river discharge. Six simulations with varying dominant wave conditions for the winter and for the summer are executed in combination with varying river discharge classes that corresponding to the dry, wet and flood seasons. There exists an East North East monsoon with a flood season from September to December, an East North East monsoon with a wet season from January to March, and a dry bidirectional South East/East North East monsoon from April to August. We investigate the effect of the seasonal wave climate and seasonal river discharges at Cua Dai inlet by analyzing the effects on the resulting hydrodynamics, sediment transports and potential morphological changes through the inlet and at the adjacent coasts. Primary results indicate that the seasonal variation in the wave climate has a strong influence on the sediment transport patterns in the adjacent coasts. The variation in the river flow dominates the magnitude of sediment transport through the inlet. The results of the simulations show that the inlet generally imports sediment into the estuary except in the case of the flood season. During the flood season the estimated sediment export is significant. Interestingly, the wave direction that varies during summer also influences the magnitude of sediment import into the estuary. Waves coming from the ENE contributes to larger sediment import than waves coming from the SE.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bertin, X., Fortunato, A. B., & Oliveira, A. (2009). A modeling-based analysis of processes driving wave-dominated inlets. Continental Shelf Research, 29, 819–834.
Booij, N., Ris, R. C., & Holthuijsen, L. H. (1999). A third generation wave model for coastal regions 1. Model description and validation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(04), 7649–7666.
Cayocca, F. (2001). Long-term morphological modelling of a tidal inlet: The Arcachon Basin, France. Coastal Engineering, 42, 115–142.
Chen, J. L., Hsu, T. J., Shi, F., Raubenheimer, B., & Elgar, S. (2015). Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling of New River Inlet (NC) under the interaction of tides and waves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(6), 4028–4047.
Daly, C. J., Bryan, K. R., Roelvink, J. A., Klein, A. H. F., Hebbeln, D., & Winter, C. (2011). Morphodynamics of embayed beaches: the role of wave conditions. Journal of Coastal Research, 64, 1003–1007.
de Vriend, H. J., Zyserman, J., Nicholson, J., Roelvink, J. A., Pe´chon, P., & Southgate, H. N. (1993). Medium term 2DH coastal area modeling. Coastal Engineering, 21, 193–224.
Deltares. (2014). User manual Deflt3D FLOW. Online available from: https://oss.deltares.nl/documents/183920/185723/Delft3D-FLOW_User_Manual.pdf.
Dissanayake, D. M. P. K., Roelvink, J. A., & van der Wegen, M. (2009). Modelled channel patterns in a schematized tidal inlet. Coastal Engineering, 56, 1069–1083.
Do, T. K. A., de Vries, S., & Stive, M. J. F. (2018). Beach evolution adjacent to a seasonally varying tidal inlet in central Vietnam. Journal of Coastal Research, 34(1), 6–25.
FitzGerald, D. M. (1984). Interactions between the ebb-tidal delta and landward shoreline: Price Inlet, South Carolina. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 54(4), 1303–1318.
FitzGerald, D. M., Buynevich, I. V., Fenster, M. S., & McKinlay, P. A. (2000). Sand dynamics at the mouth of a rock-bound, tide-dominated estuary. Sedimentary Geology, 131, 25–49.
Herrling, G., & Winter, C. (2014). Morphological and sedimentological response of a mixed-energy barrier island tidal inlet to storm and fair-weather conditions. Earth Surface Dynamics, 2, 363–382.
Hubbard, D. K., Oertel, G. F., & Nummedal, D. (1979). The role of waves and tidal currents in the development of tidal inlet sedimentary structures and sand body geometry: Examples from North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 49(4), 1073–1092.
Komar, P. D. (1996). Tidal –inlet processes and morphology related to the transport of sediments. Journal of Coastal Research, 23, 23–45.
Lesser, G. R., Roelvink, J. A., van Kester, J. A. T. M., & Stelling, G. S. (2004). Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphological model. Coastal Engineering, 51, 883–915.
Nahon, A., Bertin, X., Fortunato, A. B., & Oliveira, A. (2012). Process-based 2DH morphodynamic modeling of tidal inlets: A comparison with empirical classifications and theories. Marine Geology, 291–294, 1–11.
Oertel, G. F. (1972). Sediment transport on estuary entrance shoals and the formation of swash platforms. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 42(4), 857–863.
Oertel, G. F. (1988). Processes of sediment exchange between tidal inlets, ebb deltas and barrier islands. In: D. G. Aubrey, L. Weishar (Eds.), Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of tidal inlets. Lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies (Vol. 29, pp. 297–318). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.
Ridderinkhof, W., de Swart, H. E., van de Wegt, M., & Hoekstra, P. (2016). Modeling the growth and migration of sandy shoals on ebb-tidal deltas. Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, 121, 1351–1372.
Ris, R. C., Holthuijsen, L. H., & Booij, N. (1999). A third-generation wave model for coastal regions: 2. Verification. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C4), 7667–7681.
Roelvink, J. A. (2006). Coastal morphodynamic evolution techniques. Coastal Engineering, 53, 277–287.
Roelvink, J. A., & Reniers, A. (2012). A guide to modeling coastal morphology. Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 12, 274.
Robinson, A. H. W. (1975). Cyclical changes in shoreline development at the entrance to Teignmouth Harbour, Devon, England. In J. Hails & A. Carr (Eds.), Nearshore sediment dynamics and sedimentation (pp. 181–198). New York: Wiley.
Sha, L. P. (1989). Cyclic morphological changes of the ebb-tidal delta, Texel Inlet, The Netherlands. Geology Mijnbow, 68, 35–48.
van de Wegen, M., & Roelvink, J. A. (2008). Long-term morphodynamic evolution of a tidal embayment using a two-dimensional process-based model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113, C03016.
van der Wegen, M., Dastgheib, A., & Roelvink, J. A. (2010). Morphodynamic modeling of tidal channel evolution in comparison to empirical PA relationship. Coastal Engineering, 57(9), 827–837.
van Leeuwen, S. M., van der Vegt, M., & de Swart, H. E. (2003). Morphodynamics of ebb-tidal deltas: a model approach. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 57, 899–907.
van Rijn, L. C. (1993). Principles of sediment transport in rivers, estuaries and coastal seas. The Netherlands: Aqua publications.
Vo, N. D. (2015). Deterministic hydrological modelling for flood risk assessment and climate change in large catchment. Application to Vu Gia Thu Bon catchment, Vietnam (Ph.D. thesis), University Nice Sophia Antipolis.
Winter, C. (2006). Meseo-scale morphodynamics of the Eider Estuary: Analysis and numerical modelling. In Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39 (Proceedings of the 8th International Coastal Symposium) (pp. 498–503).
Acknowledgements
This study is part of the PhD of the first author funded through an Erasmus Mundus Mobility Program with Asia (EMMAsia2014) and supported by Delft University of Technology. The authors gratefully acknowledge their co-author dr Nguyen Trung Viet of Thuy Loi University for providing bathymetry data in 2014 for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Do, A.T.K., de Vries, S., Ye, Q., Stive, M.J.F., Nguyen, T.V. (2020). Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport at a Seasonal Inlet and Its Adjacent Beach: Cua Dai, Vietnam. In: Nguyen, K., Guillou, S., Gourbesville, P., Thiébot, J. (eds) Estuaries and Coastal Zones in Times of Global Change. Springer Water. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2081-5_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2081-5_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2080-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2081-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)