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The zoonotic agent Salmonella

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Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

Abstract

Salmonella (S.) Enterica serovars form a group of pathogens that differ widely in their host range within mammals, birds and reptiles. They can differ substantially in clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic state to severe illness . Serovars can be host-restricted (e.g S. typhi in humans), host-adapted (e.g. S. choleraesuis in pigs and infrequently in humans) and broad range infecting diverse avian and mammalian hosts with a wide range of diseases. Currently, the traditional Salmonella serotyping scheme according to White-Kauffmann-Le Minor is accepted worldwide as the “gold standard” for the classification of Salmonellae below the subspecies level and is widely used in surveillance of the pathogen . The use of serotyping within Salmonella as a typing method is so widely accepted that governmental agencies have formulated guidelines intended to reduce human salmonellosis by identifying the common serovars typhimurium and Enteritidis . The most common vehicles of transmission are meat, meat products, eggs and egg products that contain Salmonella serovars because animals are infected or because fecal contamination occurs during processing . The majority of human cases are caused by only a few non-typhoidal serovars. In 2012, approximately 20,000 cases of non-typhoidal salmonellosis are reported in Germany (http://www3.rki.de//survstat). In 1995 the dominance of only a few serovars is even more pronounced in Germany, where S. enteritidis (61 %) and S. typhimurium (23 %) accounted for more than 80 % of human isolates reported to the NRC at the Robert Koch Institute . In 2012 this percentage for both serovars were reduced to 62 %, each approx. 31 %. Other serovars of different vehicles were found in outbreaks and also serovar analysis showed that the spectrum of single cases in children changed. In this article we focus on the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in animal food and humans and its change of serotypes and subtypes over up to two decades.

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Acknowledgment

We thank our co-workers from the Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode branch, Division for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella (Director A. Flieger), especially Rita Prager and Gerlinde Bartel for PFGE and ribotyping and Marita Wahnfried for continuous serotyping , as well as Dagmar Busse and Susanne Kulbe for technical assistance in phage typing. We are greatful to Linda R. Ward and Elizabeth de Pinna (Health Protection Agency Microbiology Services Colindale, London, United Kingdom) for supporting us with typing phages over decades. Furthermore, many thanks to Michael Pees (Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, and Peggy G. Braun, Institute of Food Hygiene, University of Leipzig, Germany) for the fruitful cooperation on the field of reptile associated salmonellosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Koch Institute, Division of Bacterial Infections (FG11), National Reference Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode, Germany

    Wolfgang Rabsch, Angelika Fruth & Sandra Simon

  2. National Reference Laboratory for the Analysis and Testing of Zoonoses (Salmonella), Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany

    Istvan Szabo & Burkhard Malorny

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  1. Wolfgang Rabsch
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Correspondence to Wolfgang Rabsch .

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  1. Dept. of Infectiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bayern, Germany

    Andreas Sing

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Rabsch, W., Fruth, A., Simon, S., Szabo, I., Malorny, B. (2015). The zoonotic agent Salmonella . In: Sing, A. (eds) Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9457-2_7

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