Abstract
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was launched in 2005 to address the growing challenges of urbanisation by improving infrastructure, governance and the quality of life in cities. This chapter assesses all the four sub-missions that fall under the JNNURM that is to say UIG (Urban Infrastructure and Governance) and BSUP (Basic Services for the Urban Poor) for big cities and UIDSSMT (Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns) and IHSDP (Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program) for small and medium towns. Being the largest and only scheme directed at urban rejuvenation, it merits research to understand the course of urban policy in India. Within the policy framework, a bias towards developing big cities at the cost of small and medium towns is an important question for any subsequent policy on urban development. The analysis ascertains that a larger proportion of the urban population resides in the small and medium towns that are eligible for the UIDSSMT and IHSDP schemes rather than in the big cities, which can access funding from the UIG and BSUP sub-missions. However, this larger share of the urban population that falls under UIDSSMT and IHSDP has received a much smaller share of central assistance as compared to the big city UIG and BSUP schemes. The chapter therefore discusses the rise in urban poverty, lack of capacity building and poor performance in the delivery of basic services in small towns in India, arguing that central funds could have been more useful in these small towns than in big cities. The chapter finally attempts to emphasise the benefits of small town development that can help neighbouring villages access urban amenities, employment and eventually aid their transformation into urban centres.
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Notes
- 1.
UIDSSMT is a sub-mission under JNNURM launched in 2005, which is discussed in detail in the following sections.
- 2.
Census of India 2011.
- 3.
Class 1: 1,00,000 and above population, class 2: 50,000–99,999, class 3: 20,000–49,999, class 5: 5000–9999 and class 6: less than 5000.
- 4.
M. Manmohan Singh was the Prime Minister of a Congress led government till May 2014. The 2014 general elections propelled the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to power and its leader Narendra Modi hence became the new Prime Minister on 26 May 2014.
- 5.
Prime Minister’s speech at the launch of JNNURM, Dec 3, 2005.
- 6.
Since the mission was launched in 2005, some urban areas that were classified as Census towns in the 2001 Census had transformed into urban local bodies by 2005 and thus were included in the mission. Thus for the purposes of this chapter the urban population figures pertain to the 2001 Census.
- 7.
The average US Dollar to Indian Rupee (INR) exchange rate from 31 March 2005 to 30 March 2012, that is 45.20813 INR to the US Dollar, was taken as the figure to calculate the exchange rate.
- 8.
AMRUT website (http://amrut.gov.in/).
- 9.
The Economic Times “Centre to fund pending JNNURM projects worth 8000 crore INR: Venkaiah Naidu” 23 August 2015.
- 10.
JNNURM database, as on March 2012.
- 11.
JNNURM database as on March 2012.
- 12.
Government of India, Press Information Bureau “Cabinet Approves Fresh Projects for Delhi under JNNURM”, December 11, 2009.
- 13.
Prime Minister’s speech at the launch of JNNURM, 3 Dec 2005.
- 14.
Asansol and Durgapur were linked to form an Asansol Urban Area including two municipal corporations (Asansol and Durgapur) and three Municipalities (Raniganj, Kulti and Jamuria) according to the Asansol CDP (May, 2006).
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Khan, S. (2017). The Other Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission: What Does It Mean for Small Town India?. In: Denis, E., Zérah, MH. (eds) Subaltern Urbanisation in India. Exploring Urban Change in South Asia. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3616-0_13
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