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Therapeutic Strategies of Refractory Heart Failure

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Therapeutic Strategies for Heart Failure

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Abstract

Because of an increase in the aging society, heart failure is a social burden in modern society worldwide. The number of patients with refractory heart failure is also increasing. When patients show no improvement better than class III symptoms of heart failure, despite optimizing therapy including fluid removal, appropriate use of inotropes, and guideline-directed medical therapy, the indication of heart transplantation should be considered first. If there is no indication of heart transplantation, destination therapy may be an alternative for patients with refractory heart failure. Palliative care should be provided for all of the patients in this category.

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  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

    Yasushi Sakata, Fusako Sera & Kei Nakamoto

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  1. Yasushi Sakata
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  2. Fusako Sera
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  3. Kei Nakamoto
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Correspondence to Yasushi Sakata .

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  1. Nippon Medical School, Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

    Naoki Sato

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Sakata, Y., Sera, F., Nakamoto, K. (2018). Therapeutic Strategies of Refractory Heart Failure. In: Sato, N. (eds) Therapeutic Strategies for Heart Failure. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56065-4_4

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