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Toxins and Psychoactive Compounds from Mushrooms

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Human and Animal Relationships

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 6))

Abstract

This chapter describes the toxic and/or hallucinogenic components of mushrooms obtained in pure form and chemically characterized up to now. Attempts to isolate the poisonous alkaloid of a fungus, the red fly agaric Amanita muscaria, were made almost 130 years ago. In 1869, Schmiedeberg and Koppe reported on an enriched preparation of muscarine which was regarded for a long time as the general toxin of all poisonous mushrooms. More than 20 years later, Kobert (1891, 1893), in his attempt to isolate the toxic component of poisonous Amanita mushrooms by precipitation from water with ethyl alcolhol, obtained a substance with strong hemolytic properties, named phallin. Later, Kobert (Raab 1932) reported on the existence of highly poisonous substances in the filtrate of phallin precipitation. At the same time, Ford (1909) in Baltimore (USA) after ten years work presented a toxic, ca. 10% enriched preparation of “amanitatoxin”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    T. Wieland

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  1. T. Wieland
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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology - 43-239 CHS, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA

    Dexter H. Howard

  2. Plant Research Center, Mycotoxin Programme, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada

    J. David Miller

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Wieland, T. (1996). Toxins and Psychoactive Compounds from Mushrooms. In: Howard, D.H., Miller, J.D. (eds) Human and Animal Relationships. The Mycota, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10373-9_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10373-9_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10375-3

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