Abstract
This paper reports on the implementation of grammar checkers and parsers for highly inflected and under-resourced languages. As classical context free grammar (CFG) formalism performs poorly on languages with a rich morphological feature system, we have extended the CFG formalism by adding syntactic roles, lexical constraints, and constraints on morpho-syntactic feature values. The formalism also allows to assign morpho-syntactic feature values to phrases and to specify optional constituents. The paper also describes how we are implementing the grammar checker by using two sets of rules – rules describing correct sentences and rules describing grammar errors. The same engine with a different rule set can be used for the different purposes – to parse the text or to find the grammar errors. The paper also describes the implementation of Latvian and Lithuanian parsers and grammar checkers and the quality measurement methods used for the quality assessment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arppe, A.: Developing a grammar checker for Swedish. In: 12th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics (Nodalida 1999), pp. 13–27. Trondheim (2000)
Atwell, E.S.: How to detect grammatical errors in a text without parsing it. In: 3rd Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 38–45. Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen (1987)
Backus, J.W.: The syntax and semantics of the proposed international algebraic language of the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference. In: International Conference on Information Processing, pp. 125–132. UNESCO (1959)
Bates, M.: The theory and practice of augmented transition networks. In: Bolc, L. (ed.) Natural Language Communication with Computers. LNCS, vol. 63, pp. 191–254. Springer, Heidelberg (1978)
Birn, J.: Detecting grammar errors with Lingsoft’s Swedish grammar checker. In: 12th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics (Nodalida 1999), pp. 28–40. Trondheim (2000)
Chomsky, N.: Syntactic structures. Mouton, The Hague (1957)
Deksne, D., Skadiņš, R.: CFG Based Grammar Checker for Latvian. In: 18th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics (NODALIDA 2011), pp. 275–278. Riga (2011)
Domeij, R., Knutsson, O., Carlberger, J., Kann, V.: Granska: An efficient hybrid system for Swedish grammar checking. In: 12th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics (Nodalida 1999), pp. 49–56. Trondheim (2000)
Ehsan, N., Faili, H.: Grammatical and context-sensitive error correction using a statistical machine translation framework. Software: Practice and Experience 43(2), 187–206 (2013)
Gazdar, G.: Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. Harvard University Press (1985)
Heidorn, G.E.: Intelligent writing assistance. In: Dale, R., Moisl, H., Somers, H. (eds.) Handbook of Natural Language Processing, ch. 8, pp. 181–207. Marcel Dekker, New York (2000)
Hagen, K., Johannessen, J. B., Lane, P.: Some problems related to the development of a grammar checker. Paper presented at NODALIDA 2001, the 2001 Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics, May 21–22, 2001 (2001)
Izumi, E., Uchimoto, K., Saiga, T., Supnithi, T., Isahara, H.: Automatic error detection in the Japanese learners English spoken data. In: 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2003), Sapporo, pp. 145–148 (2003)
Kaplan, R.M., Bresnan, J.: Lexical-Functional Grammar: A formal system for grammatical representation. In: Bresnan, J. (ed.) The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, pp. 173–281. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1982)
Karlsson, F.: Constraint Grammar as a framework for parsing running text. In: 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 1990), Helsinki, vol. 3, pp. 168–173 (1990)
Martins, R.T., Hasegawa, R., Das Gracas VolpeNunes, M., Montilha, G., De Oliveira, O.N.: Linguistic issues in the development of ReGra: A grammar checker for Brazilian Portuguese. Natural Language Engineering 4(4), 287–307 (1998)
Naber, D.: A rule-based style and grammar checker. Master’s thesis, University of Bielefeld (2003)
Ng, H.T., Wu, S.M., Wu, Y., Hadiwinoto, C., Tetreault, J.: The CoNLL-2013 Shared Task on Grammatical Error Correction. In: 17th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2013), pp. 1–12. Association for Computational Linguistics (2013)
Pereira, F., Warren, D.: Definite clause grammars for language analysis–A survey of the formalism and a comparison with augmented transition networks. In: Artificial Intelligence, vol. 13(3), pp. 231–278. (1980)
Pollard, C., Sag, I.A.: Head-driven phrase structure grammar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1994)
Van Rijsbergen, C.J.: Evaluation. In: Information Retrieval, 2nd edn. Butterworth, Newton (1979)
Sågvall-Hein, A.: A Chart-Based Framework for Grammar Checking. In: 11th Nordic Conference in Computational Linguistics (Nodalida 1998), pp. 68–80 (1998)
Schmidt-Wigger, A.: Grammar and Style Checking in German. In: 2nd International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications (CLAW 1998). Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh (1998)
Shaalan, K.: Arabic Gramcheck: A Grammar Checker for Arabic. Software: Practice and Experience 35(7), 643–665 (2005)
Sjöbergh, J., Knutsson, O.: Faking errors to avoid making errors: Very weakly supervised learning for error detection in writing. In: Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing IV (RANLP 2005), Borovets, pp. 506–512 (2004)
Younger, D.: Recognition and parsing of context-free languages in time n3. Information and Control 10(2), 189–208 (1967)
Vosse, T.: The Word Connection. Grammar-Based Spelling Error Correction in Dutch. Neslia Paniculata, Enschede (1994)
Xing, J., Wang, L., Wong, D.F., Chao, S., Zeng, X.: UM-Checker: A Hybrid System for English Grammatical Error Correction. In: 17th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL-2013), vol. 34 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Deksne, D., Skadiņa, I., Skadiņš, R. (2014). Extended CFG Formalism for Grammar Checker and Parser Development . In: Gelbukh, A. (eds) Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing. CICLing 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8403. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54906-9_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54906-9_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54905-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54906-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)