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Regeneration in Stellate Echinoderms: Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea

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Marine Organisms as Model Systems in Biology and Medicine

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 65))

Abstract

Reparative regeneration is defined as the replacement of lost adult body parts and is a phenomenon widespread yet highly variable among animals. This raises the question of which key cellular and molecular mechanisms have to be implemented in order to efficiently and correctly replace entire body parts in any animal. To address this question, different studies using an integrated cellular and functional genomic approach to study regeneration in stellate echinoderms (crinoids, asteroids and ophiuroids) had been carried out over the last few years. The phylum Echinodermata is recognized for the striking regeneration potential shown by the members of its different clades. Indeed, stellate echinoderms are considered among the most useful and tractable experimental models for carrying comprehensive studies focused on ecological, developmental and evolutionary aspects. Moreover, most of them are tractable in the laboratory and, thus, should allow us to understand the underlying mechanisms, cellular and molecular, which are involved. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the cellular/histological components of the regenerative process in crinoids, asteroids and ophiuroids is described and compared. However, though this knowledge provided us with some clear insights into the global distribution of cell types at different times, it did not explain us how the recruited cells are specified (and from which precursors) over time and where are they located in the animal. The precise answer to these queries needs the incorporation of molecular approaches, both descriptive and functional. Yet, the molecular studies in stellate echinoderms are still limited to characterization of some gene families and protein factors involved in arm regeneration but, at present, have not shed light on most of the basic mechanisms. In this context, further studies are needed specifically to understand the role of regulatory factors and their spatio-temporal deployment in the growing arms. A focus on developing functional tools over the next few years should be of fundamental importance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Recherche, Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    Yousra Ben Khadra

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Michela Sugni, Cinzia Ferrario, Francesco Bonasoro & Maria Daniela Candia Carnevali

  3. Center for Complexity & Biosystems, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

    Michela Sugni & Cinzia Ferrario

  4. Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK

    Paola Oliveri

  5. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia I Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Pedro Martinez

  6. ICREA (Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avancats), Barcelona, Spain

    Pedro Martinez

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  1. Yousra Ben Khadra
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  2. Michela Sugni
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  3. Cinzia Ferrario
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  4. Francesco Bonasoro
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  5. Paola Oliveri
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  6. Pedro Martinez
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  7. Maria Daniela Candia Carnevali
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michela Sugni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

    Malgorzata Kloc

  2. Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France

    Jacek Z. Kubiak

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Ben Khadra, Y. et al. (2018). Regeneration in Stellate Echinoderms: Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. In: Kloc, M., Kubiak, J. (eds) Marine Organisms as Model Systems in Biology and Medicine. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 65. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_14

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