Skip to main content

Strategies of Communication in an NNB Family: On the Way to Bilingual Maintenance in a Monolingual Context

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Current Research in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education

Part of the book series: Multilingual Education ((MULT,volume 26))

Abstract

The chapter aims at presenting, evaluating and discussing the effectiveness of strategies of communication in families employing the Non-Native Bilingualism approach (henceforth NNB). Though controversial, Non-Native Bilingualism has become fashionable in monolingual countries of Central and Eastern Europe, i.e. in Poland, and is regarded as one of the many possible means of raising children bilingually. First, the theoretical background is presented where the role of parents in a child’s acquisition, the possible strategies applied in bringing up children bilingually as well as potential problems to be encountered in the process have been depicted. The subsequent empirical part outlines the results of analyzed case studies collected from 22 families utilizing NNB.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arnberg, L. (1987). Raising children bilingually: The pre-school years. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auer, P., & Wei, L. (2007). Handbook of multilingualism and multilingual communication. Göttingen: Hubert and Co..

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, C. (2010). Foundations of bilingual education and Bilingualism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, C. (2014). A parents’ and teachers’ guide to Bilingualism. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, V. (2002). Background to the L2 user. In V. Cook (Ed.), Portraits of the L2 user (pp. 1–28). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • De Houwer, A. (2009a). Bilingual first language acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Houwer, A. (2009b). An introduction to bilingual development. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Döpke, S. (1986). Discourse structures in bilingual families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicutural Development, 7(6), 493–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Döpke, S. (1992). One parent–one language: An interactional approach. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festman, J., Poarch, G. J., & Dewaele, J. M. (2017). Raising multilingual children. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • González, J. M. (Ed.). (2008). Encyclopaedia of bilingual education. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosjean, F. (2009). What parents want to know about bilingualism. The Bilingual Family Newsletter, 26(4), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grosjean, F., & Li, P. (2012). The psycholinguistics of Bilingualism. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A. F. (1994). The step-tongue: Children’s English in Singapore. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, E., & Riley, P. (1986). The bilingual family. A handbook for parents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessner, U. (2008). Teaching third languages: findings, trends and challenges. Language Teaching, 41(1), 15–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, M. I. (2011). Mut zur Mehrsprachigkeit. So erziehe ich mein Kind in einer Fremd- oder Zweitsprache. Engelschoff: Verlag auf dem Ruffel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Komorowska, H. (2005). Metodyka nauczania jÄ™zykĂłw obcych. Warszawa: Fraszka Edukacyjna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurcz, I. (Ed.). (2006). Psychologiczne aspekty dwujÄ™zycznoĹ›ci. GdaĹ„sk: GdaĹ„skie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanza, E. (1997). Language mixing in infant bilingualism: A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OlpiĹ„ska-SzkieĹ‚ko, M. (2013). Nauczanie dwujÄ™zyczne w Ĺ›wietle badaĹ„ glottodydaktycznych (Studia Naukowe 10). Warszawa: IKLA Publishing House, University of Warsaw.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otwinowska, A. (2015). Cognate vocabulary in language acquisition and use: Attitudes, awareness, activation. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paradowski, M., & MichaĹ‚owska, M. (2016). Establishing a bilingual home: Parents’ perspective on the effectiveness of the adopted communication strategies. Lingwistyka Stosowana, 17(2), 43–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramjoue, B. (1980). Guidelines for children’s Bilingualism. Paris: Association for American Wives of Europeans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanowski, P. (2016). Some reflections on the idiosyncrasy of bilingual education in secondary schools in Poland. In S. Grucza, M. OlpiĹ„ska-SzkieĹ‚ko, & P. Romanowski (Eds.), Bilingual landscape of the contemporary world. Peter Lang GmbH: Frankfurt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanowski, P. (2017). Intercultural communicative competence in English language teaching in polish state colleges. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenback, R. (2015). Time and place – T and P as a family language strategy. Multilingual Parenting. http://multilingualparenting.com/2015/04/29/time-and-place-as-a-family-language-strategy/

  • Rosenback, R. (2017). Should parents always speak their native language with their children? https://multilingualparenting.com/2017/01/29/qa-should-parents-always-speak-their-native-language-with-their-children/

  • Saunders, G. (1988). Bilingual children: From birth to teens. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, D., & Aronin, L. (2007). Multiple language learning in the light of the theory of affordances. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 83–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szramek-Karcz, S. (2014). Non-native bilingualism in Poland – a formulation of the problem. Linguistica Silesiana, 35, 293–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szramek-Karcz, S. (2016). The success of non-native bilingualism in Poland. Lingwistyka Stosowana, 17(2/2016), 93–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zurer Pearson, B. (2008). Raising a bilingual child. New York: Living Language.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piotr Romanowski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix: Non-native Bilingual Upbringing in Poland – A Case Study

Appendix: Non-native Bilingual Upbringing in Poland – A Case Study

1.1 Part 1: Linguistic Profile of the Family

  1. 1.

    How old is your child?

  2. 2.

    Which language(s) is your child exposed to? Who is the source of language?

  3. 3.

    How long has your child been exposed to the language?

  4. 4.

    Which language do you use to communicate with your partner?

  5. 5.

    What level of competence in the second language have you achieved yourself?

  6. 6.

    Have you majored from a linguistic course of studies (Foreign Language Studies, Applied Linguistics, Teaching Foreign Languages, etc.)?

  7. 7.

    What level of competence in the second language have other members of the family achieved (your partner, child’s grandparents, extended family)?

  8. 8.

    In which language do you address your child in the presence of people who do not understand the second language (e.g. family, child’s friends)?

  9. 9.

    How much exposure does your child receive in each language on a daily basis?

  10. 10.

    Do you follow any particular strategy of communication in the family (e.g. OPOL, mL@H)?

  11. 11.

    Are you consistent in speaking the second language to the child?

  12. 12.

    Is your child literate in the second language?/Do you plan to teach your child to read and write in the target language?

1.2 Part 2: Attitudes Towards Bilingualism

  1. 1.

    Why did you decide to raise your child with two languages?

  2. 2.

    What level of competence in the second language would you like your child to achieve?

  3. 3.

    What is your attitude towards bilingual upbringing? What’s the attitude of your family?

  4. 4.

    Have you ever heard any unfavourable comments regarding bilingualism?

  5. 5.

    Have you ever faced any unfavourable opinions as regards non-native bilingualism?

  6. 6.

    Have you ever faced any unpleasant reactions of people while addressing the child in the foreign language (e.g. in public places)?

  7. 7.

    What advice would you give to those parents who are interested in introducing non-native bilingualism in their family?

  8. 8.

    How are you going to support your child’s linguistic development in the future?

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Romanowski, P. (2018). Strategies of Communication in an NNB Family: On the Way to Bilingual Maintenance in a Monolingual Context. In: Romanowski, P., Jedynak, M. (eds) Current Research in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Education, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92396-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92396-3_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92395-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92396-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics