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Marine Sediment

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Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Definition

Marine sediment is a mixture of material deposited on the seafloor that originated from the erosion of continents, volcanism, biological productivity, hydrothermal vents, and/or cosmic debris. The contributions of these sediment sources to the seafloor are controlled by wind, ocean circulation, and water depth that collectively determine the transport, deposition, and preservation of each sediment type. The alteration of these sediment types (“authigenesis”) is also an important process affecting the final composition of marine sediment.

Introduction

The geochemical composition of marine sediment is diverse. Marine sediment is most commonly classified according to the origin of the material(s) composing the bulk sediment, with end-members being referred to as, for example, aluminosilicate, biogenic, or metalliferous (Table 1). Here, we summarize the broad-scale processes and trends in these compositionally defined end-members and further discuss some of the subtleties in...

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA

      Ann G. Dunlea

    2. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

      Rachel P. Scudder

    3. Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

      Richard W. Murray

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    1. Ann G. Dunlea
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    1. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

      William M. White

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    Dunlea, A.G., Scudder, R.P., Murray, R.W. (2018). Marine Sediment. In: White, W.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_105

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