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Metabolic Profiles—Based on the 2013 Prevention Guidelines

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Lifestyle Medicine

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the utility of measuring biometric parameters as they relate to the practice of lifestyle medicine and estimating risk for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The new 2013 American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) Prevention Guidelines provide guidance as to which additional factors aid in improved net reclassification. These are explored in detail. The 2013 ACC-AHA Guidelines recommended lifestyle change as the foundation for primary prevention and also as crucially important to deal with residual risk in secondary prevention. The assessment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)continues to be of clinical value to clinicians as it identifies metabolic parameters that are easily measurable, understood by the patient as markers of a poor cardio-metabolic prognosis, and importantly, markers that all improve with lifestyle changes.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Lipid data from NHANES surveys 2005–2010 showed participants with high non-HDL-C and normal LDL-C values were older and more likely to be men, Hispanic and have impaired fasting glucose, T2D, and MetS.

Abbreviations

ABI:

Ankle Brachial Index

ACC-AHA:

American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association

ASCVD:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

CAC:

Coronary artery calcium

CI:

Confidence interval

cIMT:

Carotid intima-media thickness

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DPP:

Diabetes Prevention Program

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

IDL:

Intermediate-density lipoprotein

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

MESA:

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PAD:

Peripheral artery disease

RR:

Relative risk

T2D:

Type-2 diabetes

TG:

Triglycerides

TOS:

The Obesity Society

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair, Suite 600, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA

    Prof. Neil J. Stone M.D. M.A.C.P. F.A.C.C. F.A.H.A.

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    John Wilkins M.D., M.S.

  3. Department of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    John Wilkins M.D., M.S. & Sakina Kazmi M.P.H.

Authors
  1. Prof. Neil J. Stone M.D. M.A.C.P. F.A.C.C. F.A.H.A.
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  2. John Wilkins M.D., M.S.
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  3. Sakina Kazmi M.P.H.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neil J. Stone M.D. M.A.C.P. F.A.C.C. F.A.H.A. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York, USA

    Jeffrey I. Mechanick MD

  2. Chicago, USA

    Robert F. Kushner MD

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Stone, N., Wilkins, J., Kazmi, S. (2016). Metabolic Profiles—Based on the 2013 Prevention Guidelines. In: Mechanick, J., Kushner, R. (eds) Lifestyle Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_9

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