Abstract
This book is a descriptive treaty proving a critical overview of the law of credit rating agencies (CRAs) on both sides of the Atlantic. It examines the regulations introduced, how effective the mechanisms for the enforcement of these regulations are, whether they act as a deterrent to CRAs and whether or not investors receive compensation for their losses. The book embarks on a systematic journey covering CRAs through rule and case law across countries and regulatory regime. The breadth and depth of the coverage of the topic offers a fresh perspective covering US case law, European regulation, code of conduct, etc., by objectively reviewing the law.
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Notes
- 1.
Kelly (2012), p. 477 at 478.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
See Radzi (2012).
- 5.
Shin (2009).
- 6.
Kruithof and Wymeersch (2006).
- 7.
Kaur and Kaur (2013).
- 8.
Duffhues and Weterings (2011).
- 9.
Darbellay (2013).
- 10.
Mattarocci (2013).
- 11.
Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act 2010.
- 12.
Trafford and Leshem (2008), p. 15.
- 13.
See Chap. 7.
- 14.
Shoemaker et al. (1991).
- 15.
Lewin (1947), p. 145.
- 16.
Shoemaker et al. (2009).
- 17.
Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States (2011), p. xxv.
- 18.
Morris and Murphy (2011), pp. 30–31.
- 19.
Clark (1997).
- 20.
Morris and Murphy (2011), p. 31.
- 21.
Brownsword (2006), p. 4.
- 22.
Chynoweth (2008).
- 23.
Morris and Murphy (2011), p. 31.
- 24.
Brownsword (2006), p. 4.
- 25.
Cassis (2011), p. 88.
- 26.
McKnight (2009), p. 5.
- 27.
Ibid.
- 28.
Ibid.
- 29.
Ibid.
- 30.
Fitch Ratings, http://www.fitchratings.com/web/en/dynamic/contact-us.jsp.
- 31.
Ibid.
- 32.
Faux (2011).
- 33.
Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States (2011), p. xxv.
- 34.
Ibid.
- 35.
Crouhy et al. (2007), p. 8.
- 36.
Faux (2011).
- 37.
See Chap. 6.
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Hemraj, M. (2015). Introduction. In: Credit Rating Agencies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17927-8_1
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