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Aerobic Exercise Training: Effects on Vascular Function and Structure

  • Chapter
Effects of Exercise on Hypertension

Part of the book series: Molecular and Translational Medicine ((MOLEMED))

Abstract

Aerobic exercise training reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in humans. In subjects with hypertension, aerobic exercise decreases blood pressure, an effect primarily mediated by changes in peripheral vascular resistance and modification in the function and structure of macro- and micro-vessels. Aerobic exercise training also has direct anti-atherogenic impacts on artery health which decrease the risk for cardiovascular events through pathways additional to direct impacts on blood pressure. The main aim of this chapter is to summarise the effect of aerobic exercise on structural and functional characteristics of conduit and resistance arteries in humans. We provide an overview of the techniques to that are used to assess vascular structure and function followed by influence of aerobic exercise training on vascular structure and function. Potential mechanisms that contribute to vascular adaptations to aerobic exercise are then discussed. Finally, we integrate the available knowledge in this area to provide evidence-based guidelines for influence of exercise training on vascular health among individuals with hypertension.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin converting enzyme

ACh:

Acetylcholine

ANG II:

Angiotensin II

BP:

Blood pressure

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ET-1:

Endothelin-1

FITT:

The frequency, intensity, time, and type principle of exercise prescription

FMD:

Flow mediated dilation

HITT:

High intensity interval training

HR:

Heart rate

ICAM-1:

Intracellular adhesion molecule 1

IMT:

Intima medial thickness

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1

MSNA:

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity

NO:

Nitric oxide

p22-phox:

Neutrophil cytochrome b light chain

p47-phox:

47-kDa cytosolic subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Q:

Cardiac output

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

SVR:

Systemic vascular resistance

VO2max :

Maximum oxygen consumption

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Dick H. J. Thijssen & Daniel J. Green

  2. Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Dick H. J. Thijssen

  3. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia

    Andrew Maiorana

  4. Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Service, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia

    Andrew Maiorana

  5. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Daniel J. Green

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  1. Dick H. J. Thijssen
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Correspondence to Dick H. J. Thijssen .

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  1. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut Department of Kinesiology &, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Linda S. Pescatello

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Thijssen, D.H.J., Maiorana, A., Green, D.J. (2015). Aerobic Exercise Training: Effects on Vascular Function and Structure. In: Pescatello, L. (eds) Effects of Exercise on Hypertension. Molecular and Translational Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17076-3_5

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