Skip to main content

Triumph and Tragedy in Academia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Edgar Rubin and Psychology in Denmark

Part of the book series: History and Philosophy of Psychology ((HPPS))

  • 600 Accesses

Abstract

After finishing his M.A. at the University of Copenhagen in 1910, Rubin went to Göttingen to further his education in psychology in the laboratory of Georg Elias Müller (1850–1934). Müller asked Rubin to look into the recognition of figures as part of ongoing work in the laboratory on memory. Rubin, however, took this project into a completely different direction, resulting in one of the great classics of perceptual psychology, his thesis Synsoplevede Figurer [Visually experienced figures] where the figure–ground distinction was first elucidated. Major findings of the thesis and Rubin’s phenomenological approach are discussed in detail in the chapter. The chapter also describes the difficulties the University of Copenhagen had in finding a successor to Harald Høffding upon his retirement.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akademisk Ugeblad (1915, April 29). Studenteradressen, p. 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akademisk Ugeblad (1915, May 19). Professor Høffdings Afskedstale, pp. 99–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akademisk Ugeblad (1915, September 9). Professor Anton Thomsens første Forelæsning, p. 150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akademisk Ugeblad (1915, September 22). Anton Thomsen bedømt af Læreren, Kollagaen, Vennen, Eleven, pp. 163–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkeley, G. (2008). An essay towards a new theory of vision (1709). In D. M. Clarke (Ed.), George Berkeley: philosophical writings (pp. 1–66). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlingske Tidende (1911, September 27). “Den sympatiske Forstaaelse”: Den filosofiske Debat igaar, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlingske Tidende (1915, July 8, evening ed.). Filosofisk Disputats, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bickel, C., & Fechner, R. (Eds.). (1989). Ferdinand Tönnies—Harald Höffding—Briefwechsel. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohr, N. (1885–1962). Correspondence of Niels Bohr. Niels Bohr Archive, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean’s Office. (1915). University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Philosophy, Dean’s Office, (RA 3502-59). Danish State Archives, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diarium. (1895–1915). University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Philosophy, (RA 3501-06). Danish State Archives, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Über das Gedächtnis: Untersuchungen zur Experimentellen Psychologie. Leipzig: Verlag Von Duncker & Humblot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnbogason, G. (1873–1944). Correspondence of Guðmundur Finnbogason, (Lbs 12 NF). National Library of Iceland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnbogason, G. (1911). Den sympatiske Forstaaelse. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gombrich, E. H. (1963). Meditations on a hobby horse and other essays on the theory of art. London: Phaidon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillaume, P. (1925). L’imitation chez l’enfant: Étude psychologique. Paris: F. Alcan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, E. J. (2001). Laboratories for experimental psychology: Göttingen’s ascendancy over Leipzig in the 1890s. In R. W. Rieber & D. K. Robinson (Eds.), Wilhelm Wundt in history: The making of a scientific psychology (pp. 205–250). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høffding, H. (1843–1931). Correspondence of Harald Høffding (NKS 3815, 4°). Royal Library, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høffding, H. (1911). Anton Thomsen: David Hume [review]. Nordisk Tidsskrift, 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høffding, H. (1921). Minder fra en Rejse. Gads Danske Magasin, 15, 65–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hume, D. (2007). A treatise of human nature (1739–1740). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology (1890). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D. (1935). The world of colour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, D. (1952). David Katz. In E. G. Boring, H. S. Langfield, H. Werner, & R. M. Yerkes (Eds.), A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. IV, pp. 189–211). Worcester: Clark University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, R. (1972). Rosa Katz. In L. J. Pongratz, W. Traxel, & E. G. Wehner (Eds.), Psychologie in Selbstdarstellungen (pp. 103–125). Bern: Verlag Hans Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, C. H. (1992). Filosoffer på krigsstien: Forholdet mellem Harald Høffding og Anton Thomsen belyst ud fra breve og dagbøger. Fund og Forskning, 31, 113–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krarup, H. (1899). Application to Faculty of Philosophy. University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Philosophy, Dean’s Office, (RA 3502-48). Danish State Archives, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krarup, H. (1907). Die Metaphysiologie Alfr. Lehmanns kritisch erläutert. Berlin: Hermann Walther Verlagsbuchhandlung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, T. (1966). Aabenhjertige fortielser: Erindringsglimt. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechner, H. A., Squire, L. R., & Byrne, J. H. (1999). 100 years of consolidation: Remembering Müller and Pilzecker. Learning & Memory, 6, 77–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, A. (1912). Grundzüge der Psychophysiologie: Eine Darstellung der normalen, generellen und individuellen Psychologie. Leipzig: O. R. Reisland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, A. (1913). Die Hauptgesetze des menslichen Gefühlslebens (2nd ed.). Leipzig: O. R. Reisland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüer, G. (2007). Georg Elias Müller (1850–1934): A founder of experimental memory research in psychology. Cortex, 43, 579–582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, L. J. (1914–1915). Über die Abhängigkeit visueller Vorstellungsbilder vom Denken. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 70, 212–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, G. E. (1911–1913). Zur Analyse der Gedächtnistätigkeit und des Vorstellungsverlaufes, 13 Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, S. E. (2001). Bryggerens akademi. (Copenhagen): Carlsbergfondet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pind, J. L. (2008). Guðmundur Finnbogason, “Sympathetic understanding”, and early Icelandic psychology. History of Psychology, 11, 75–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1911, May 14). Doktordisputats, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1911, September 27, 1911). “Den sympatiske Forstaaelse”: Gudmundur Finnbogason forsvarede igaar sin Doktordisputats, pp. 5–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1915 July 9). Den filosofiske Doktordisputats i Gaar, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1915, September 7). Prof. Anton Thomsens første Forelæsning i Gaar, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1915, September 19). Professor Anton Thomsen død, pp. 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Politiken (1920, June 8). Mag. Art. Herdis Krarup, p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1913, January 15). Letter to his mother, Emma Rubin. Marcus and Kaja Rubin Archive, (NKS 4596, 4°). Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1914). Die visuelle Wahrnehmung von Figuren. In F. Schumann (Ed.), Bericht über den VI. Kongreß für experimentelle Psychologie in Göttingen vom 15. bis 18, April 1914 (pp. 60–62). Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1915a). Synsoplevede Figurer: Studier i psykologisk Analyse. Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag: Første Del. Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1915b). Remarks at doctoral defense. (NKS acc. 1998/41). Royal Library, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1948). Dagliglivets verden som psykologisk problem. In E. Østlyngen (Ed.), Nordisk psykologmøte i Oslo 1947 (pp. 38–40). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, E. (1958). Figure and ground. In D. C. Beardslee & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Readings in perception (pp. 194–203). Princeton: D. Van Nostrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • S., see Rubin (1915a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprung, L., & Sprung, H. (2000). Georg Elias Müller and the beginnings of modern psychology. In G. A. Kimble & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology, IV (pp. 71–91). Washington: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A. (1877–1915). Diaries. Professor Anton Thomsen papers (NKS 4703, 4°). Royal Library, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A. (1908). Harald Høffding som lærer 1883–1908. Tilskueren, 717–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A. (1911a). David Hume: Hans Liv og hans Filosofi (Vol. 1). Copenhagen: Nordiske Forfatteres Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A. (1911b). Religion og Religionsvidenskab. Copenhagen: Nordiske Forfatteres Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, A. (1913, March 11). Harald Høffding 1843–1913, Politiken, pp. 9–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yearbook of the University of Copenhagen (1899–1900). Prisopgaver, pp. 546–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yearbook of the University of Copenhagen (1914–1915). Professor Dr. Harald Høffdings Afgang fra Universitetet og Dr. phil. Anton Thomsens Udnævnelse til Professor i Filosofi, pp. 655--673.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jörgen L. Pind .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pind, J.L. (2014). Triumph and Tragedy in Academia. In: Edgar Rubin and Psychology in Denmark. History and Philosophy of Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01062-5_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics