Introduction

Abstract

Plants constitute the most important structural component of the world ecosystem in which we live. For this reason, the concept of plant biodiversity is always one of the topics that does not lose its popularity, because this concept is accepted as the basis of sustainable livelihood and food security (Altay et al. 2015a, b; Imanberdieva et al. 2018a, b; Ozturk et al. 2012, 2017a, 2021, 2022). Many recent studies in science and technology have tried to reveal the enormous potential of the plant life forms. From the development of hybrid seeds to medicinal plants, most of the world’s agricultural and pharmaceutical needs come from plant biodiversity, primarily trees (Pullaiah et al. 2015). In addition, plant biodiversity not only helps to increase agricultural productivity but will also develop disease-resistant varieties. Keeping this in view, plant biodiversity provides important contributions to human needs both directly and indirectly. The provision of food and other basic needs has also gained priority in welfare programs, especially in human health. Indirect benefits include maintaining nutrient and water cycles, soil production/conservation, absorption/breakdown of pollutants, and recreational and aesthetic benefits (Pullaiah et al. 2015; Rajpar et al. 2020; Ozturk et al. 2017b, 2021, 2022).