Abstract
The energy crisis is a huge challenge facing the world today. Natural resources such as coal and oil are consumed in large quantities and their reserves are gradually decreasing. It is imperative to advocate energy conservation. Meantime, it is very important to develop green and clean energy. Solar energy has become one of the most promising green energy sources in recent years because of its sustainable and safe advantages. Solar energy can be converted into effective energy such as heat energy through photoelectric conversion because it doesn’t produce harmful gases, solid waste, and other pollutants in the conversion process. In addition, the new solar cells have the advantages of low cost, cleanliness, and they are efficient. Since 2009, a new type of perovskite solar cell has developed rapidly. In order to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of batteries, more researchers in recent years have tried to apply new ceramic materials (perovskite materials) to batteries, and have achieved remarkable results. Relevant research reports show exponential growth. Perovskite solar cells use crystals with perovskite structure as electron transfer materials to improve the light absorption efficiency of the solar cells. Studies show that the structure and performance of the electron transfer layer directly affect the stability and life of the battery, which proves that the appropriate electron transfer layer is very important. New perovskite ceramic materials have been widely used in solar cell devices. This chapter mainly introduces the most common perovskite thin films and their preparation methods, organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells, etc., focusing on their development status, and the main factors affecting their stability. Finally, the current problems and development prospects in the research and application of perovskite solar cells are introduced, which will lay a solid foundation for the deeper understanding of perovskite solar cells and the preparation of new and efficient ones.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
P. Roy, N. Kumar Sinha, S. Tiwari, A. Khare, A review on perovskite solar cells: evolution of architecture, fabrication techniques, commercialization issues and status. Sol. Energy 198, 665–688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.080
A. ToshniwalV, Kheraj, development of organic-inorganic tin halide perovskites: a review. Sol. Energy 149, 54–59 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.077
N.-G. Park, Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology. Mater. Today 18, 65–72 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.07.007
Z. Song, S.C. Watthage, A.B. Phillips, M.J. Heben, Pathways toward high-performance perovskite solar cells: Review of recent advances in organo-metal halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. J. Photon. Energy. 6 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.Jpe.6.022001
K.u.c. Zusammensetzung, Krystallbau und chemische zusammensetzung. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 60, 1263–1268 (1927)
M.A. Green, A. Ho-BaillieH, J. Snaith, The emergence of perovskite solar cells. Nat. Photonics 8, 506–514 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.134
C. Li, X. Lu, W. Ding, L. Feng, Y. Gao, Z. Guo, Formability of abx3 (x = f, cl, br, i) halide perovskites. Acta Crystallogr. B 64, 702–707 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768108032734
N.K. McKinnon, D.C. ReevesM, H. Akabas, 5-ht3 receptor ion size selectivity is a property of the transmembrane channel, not the cytoplasmic vestibule portals. J. Gen. Physiol. 138, 453–466 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201110686
J.-P. Correa-Baena, A. Abate, M. Saliba, W. Tress, T. Jesper Jacobsson, M. Grätzel, A. Hagfeldt, The rapid evolution of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Energ. Environ. Sci. 10, 710–727 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee03397k
A. Kojima, K. Teshima, Y. Shirai, T. Miyasaka, Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6050–6051 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809598r
J. H. Im, C. R. Lee, J. W. Lee, S. W. Park, N. G. Park, 6.5% efficient perovskite quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell. Nanoscale. 3, 4088–93 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10867k
H.S. Kim, J.W. Lee, N. Yantara, P.P. Boix, S.A. Kulkarni, S. Mhaisalkar, M. Gratzel, N.G. Park, High efficiency solid-state sensitized solar cell-based on submicrometer rutile tio2 nanorod and ch3nh3pbi3 perovskite sensitizer. Nano Lett. 13, 2412–2417 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl400286w
J. A. Christians, R. C. FungP. V. Kamat, An inorganic hole conductor for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Improved hole conductivity with copper iodide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 758–64 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411014k
M. Hou, H. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Xia, Y. Chen, W. Huang, Enhancing efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells via a self-assembled dopamine interfacial layer. ACS. Appl. Mater. Inter. 10, 30607–30613 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10332
M.M. Tavakoli, M. Saliba, P. Yadav, P. Holzhey, A. Hagfeldt, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Synergistic crystal and interface engineering for efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics. Adv. Energy. Mater. 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201802646
Q. Jiang, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, X. Yang, Y. Chen, Z. Chu, Q. Ye, X. Li, Z. Yin, J. You, Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells. Nat. Photonics 13, 460–466 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0398-2
J. Tong, Z. Song, D.H. Kim, X. Chen, C. Chen, A.F. Palmstrom, P.F. Ndione, M.O. Reese, S.P. Dunfield, O.G. Reid, J. Liu, F. Zhang, S.P. Harvey, Z. Li, S.T. Christensen, G. Teeter, D. Zhao, M.M. Al-Jassim, M. van Hest, M.C. Beard, S.E. Shaheen, J.J. Berry, Y. Yan, K. Zhu, Carrier lifetimes of >1 mus in sn-pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Science 364, 475–479 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7911
K. Xiao, R. Lin, Q. Han, Y. Hou, Z. Qin, H. T. Nguyen, J. Wen, M. Wei, V. Yeddu, M. I. Saidaminov, Y. Gao, X. Luo, Y. Wang, H. Gao, C. Zhang, J. Xu, J. Zhu, E. H. Sargent, and H. Tan, All-perovskite tandem solar cells with 24.2% certified efficiency and area over 1 cm2 using surface-anchoring zwitterionic antioxidant. Nat. Energy. 5 870–880 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00705-5
E. Jokar, C.-H. Chien, A. Fathi, M. Rameez, Y.-H. Chang, E.W.-G. Diau, Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells. Energ. Environ. Sci. 11, 2353–2362 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00956b
K. Nishimura, M.A. Kamarudin, D. Hirotani, K. Hamada, Q. Shen, S. Iikubo, T. Minemoto, K. Yoshino, and S. Hayase, Lead-free tin-halide perovskite solar cells with 13% efficiency. Nano Energy. 74 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104858
F. Hao, C.C. Stoumpos, R.P. Chang, M.G. Kanatzidis, Anomalous band gap behavior in mixed sn and pb perovskites enables broadening of absorption spectrum in solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8094–8099 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5033259
R. Lin, K. Xiao, Z. Qin, Q. Han, C. Zhang, M. Wei, M. I. Saidaminov, Y. Gao, J. Xu, M. Xiao, A. Li, J. Zhu, E. H. Sargent, and H. Tan, Monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with 24.8% efficiency exploiting comproportionation to suppress sn(ii) oxidation in precursor ink. Nat. Energy. 4 864–873 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0466-3
J.G. BednorzK, A. Müller, Perovskite-type oxides—the new approach to high-tcsuperconductivity. Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 585–600 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.60.585
T. Zhang, Y. Zhao, Recent progress of lead halide perovskite sensitized solar cells. Acta Chim. Sinica. 73 (2015). https://doi.org/10.6023/a14090656
M.M. Lee, J. Teuscher, T. Miyasaka, T.N. Murakami, H.J. Snaith, Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science 338, 643–647 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228604
J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S.J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M.K. Nazeeruddin, M. Gratzel, Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 499, 316–319 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12340
Q. Chen, H. Zhou, Z. Hong, S. Luo, H.S. Duan, H.H. Wang, Y. Liu, G. Li, Y. Yang, Planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells via vapor-assisted solution process. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 622–625 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411509g
M. Liu, M.B. JohnstonH, J. Snaith, Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 501, 395–398 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12509
S. C. Watthage, Z. Song, A. B. Phillips, and M. J. Heben, Evolution of perovskite solar cells, in Perovskite photovoltaics. ed. by S.Thomas, and A. Thankappan (Academic Press, 2018),pp. 43–88.
C.-H. Chiang, J.-W. LinC.-G. Wu, One-step fabrication of a mixed-halide perovskite film for a high-efficiency inverted solar cell and module. J. Mater. Chem. A. 4 13525–13533 (2016).https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta05209f
H. Shen, Y. Wu, J. Peng, T. Duong, X. Fu, C. Barugkin, T.P. White, K. Weber, K.R. Catchpole, Improved reproducibility for perovskite solar cells with 1 cm(2) active area by a modified two-step process. ACS. Appl. Mater. Inter. 9, 5974–5981 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13868
K. Wang, C. Liu, P. Du, J. Zheng, X. Gong, Bulk heterojunction perovskite hybrid solar cells with large fill factor. Energ. Environ. Sci. 8, 1245–1255 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ee00222b
K. Mahmood, S. SarwarM, T. Mehran, Current status of electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells: Materials and properties. RSC Adv. 7, 17044–17062 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00002b
T. Leijtens, G.E. Eperon, S. Pathak, A. Abate, M.M. Lee, H.J. Snaith, Overcoming ultraviolet light instability of sensitized tio(2) with meso-superstructured organometal tri-halide perovskite solar cells. Nat. Commun. 4, 2885 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3885
D.-F. Zhang, L.-L. Zheng, Y.-Z. Ma, S.-F. Wang, Z.-Q. Bian, C.-H. Huang, Q.-H. Gong, and L.-X. Xiao, Factors influencing the stability of perovskite solar cells. Acta Phys. Sin. 64, (2015). https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.038803
G. Niu, X. GuoL, Wang, Review of recent progress in chemical stability of perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 8970–8980 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04994b
C. Wehrenfennig, G.E. Eperon, M.B. Johnston, H.J. Snaith, L.M. Herz, High charge carrier mobilities and lifetimes in organolead trihalide perovskites. Ad. Mater. 26, 1584–1589 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201305172
G. Yang, H. Tao, P. Qin, W. Ke, G. Fang, Recent progress in electron transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A. 4, 3970–3990 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09011c
J. Song, E. Zheng, J. Bian, X.-F. Wang, W. Tian, Y. Sanehira, T. Miyasaka, Low-temperature sno2-based electron selective contact for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 10837–10844 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01207d
K. Mahmood, B.S. Swain, A.R. Kirmani, A. Amassian, Highly efficient perovskite solar cells based on a nanostructured wo3–tio2core–shell electron transporting material. J. Mater. Chem. A. 3, 9051–9057 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04883k
H. Zheng, Y. TachibanaK, Kalantar-Zadeh, Dye-sensitized solar cells based on wo3. Langmuir 26, 19148–19152 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/la103692y
A. Abrusci, S.D. Stranks, P. Docampo, H.L. Yip, A.K. Jen, H.J. Snaith, High-performance perovskite-polymer hybrid solar cells via electronic coupling with fullerene monolayers. Nano Lett. 13, 3124–3128 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401044q
A.A. Said, J. XieQ, Zhang, Recent progress in organic electron transport materials in inverted perovskite solar cells. Small 15, e1900854 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900854
S. Sun, T. Salim, N. Mathews, M. Duchamp, C. Boothroyd, G. Xing, T.C. Sum, Y.M. Lam, The origin of high efficiency in low-temperature solution-processable bilayer organometal halide hybrid solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 399–407 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43161d
Y. Ogomi, K. Kukihara, S. Qing, T. Toyoda, K. Yoshino, S. Pandey, H. Momose, S. Hayase, Control of charge dynamics through a charge-separation interface for all-solid perovskite-sensitized solar cells. ChemPhysChem 15, 1062–1069 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201301153
S. Ito, S. Tanaka, K. Manabe, H. Nishino, Effects of surface blocking layer of sb2s3 on nanocrystalline tio2 for ch3nh3pbi3 perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 16995–17000 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500449z
H.-K. Ting, L. Ni, S.-B. Ma, Y.-Z. Ma, L.-X. Xiao, and Z.-J. Chen, Progress in electron-transport materials in application of perovskite solar cells. Acta Phys. Sin. 64, (2015). https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.038802
Y. Wang, Y. Hu, D. Han, Q. Yuan, T. Cao, N. Chen, D. Zhou, H. Cong, L. Feng, Ammonia-treated graphene oxide and pedot: Pss as hole transport layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability. Org. Electron. 70, 63–70 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.048
H. Zhou, Q. Chen, G. Li, S. Luo, T. B. Song, H. S. Duan, Z. Hong, J. You, Y. Liu, and Y. Yang, Photovoltaics. Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Science. 345, 542–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254050
M.K. Rao, D.N. Sangeetha, M. Selvakumar, Y.N. Sudhakar, M.G. Mahesha, Review on persistent challenges of perovskite solar cells’ stability. Sol. Energy 218, 469–491 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.03.005
X. Yao, Y.-L. Ding, X.-D. Zhang, and Y. Zhao, A review of the perovskite solar cells. Acta Phys. Sin. 64, (2015). https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.038805
K. Domanski, J.P. Correa-Baena, N. Mine, M.K. Nazeeruddin, A. Abate, M. Saliba, W. Tress, A. Hagfeldt, M. Gratzel, Not all that glitters is gold: Metal-migration-induced degradation in perovskite solar cells. ACS Nano 10, 6306–6314 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02613
Q. Wei, H. Bi, S. Yan, and S. Wang, Morphology and interface engineering for organic metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaic cells. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 5, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800248
H.S. Kim, C.R. Lee, J.H. Im, K.B. Lee, T. Moehl, A. Marchioro, S.J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, J.H. Yum, J.E. Moser, M. Gratzel, N.G. Park, Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep. 2, 591 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00591
Y. S. Kwon, J. Lim, H.-J. Yun, Y.-H. Kim, and T. Park, A diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing hole transporting conjugated polymer for use in efficient stable organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on a perovskite. Energ. Environ. Sci. 7, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee44174a
Q. Zhao, R. Wu, Z. Zhang, J. Xiong, Z. He, B. Fan, Z. Dai, B. Yang, X. Xue, P. Cai, S. Zhan, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, Achieving efficient inverted planar perovskite solar cells with nondoped ptaa as a hole transport layer. Org. Electron. 71, 106–112 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.05.019
P. K. Kung, M. H. Li, P. Y. Lin, Y. H. Chiang, C. R. Chan, T. F. Guo, and P. Chen, A review of inorganic hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 5, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800882
K.M. Reza, A. Gurung, B. Bahrami, S. Mabrouk, H. Elbohy, R. Pathak, K. Chen, A.H. Chowdhury, M.T. Rahman, S. Letourneau, H.-C. Yang, G. Saianand, J.W. Elam, S.B. Darling, Q. Qiao, Tailored pedot: Pss hole transport layer for higher performance in perovskite solar cells: Enhancement of electrical and optical properties with improved morphology. J. Energy Chem. 44, 41–50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.09.014
C. ZuoL, Ding, Solution-processed cu2o and cuo as hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells. Small 11, 5528–5532 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201501330
J. You, L. Meng, T.B. Song, T.F. Guo, Y.M. Yang, W.H. Chang, Z. Hong, H. Chen, H. Zhou, Q. Chen, Y. Liu, N. De Marco, Y. Yang, Improved air stability of perovskite solar cells via solution-processed metal oxide transport layers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 75–81 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.230
F. Azri, A. Meftah, N. Sengouga, A. Meftah, Electron and hole transport layers optimization by numerical simulation of a perovskite solar cell. Sol. Energy 181, 372–378 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.017
H. Lei, P. Qin, W. Ke, Y. Guo, X. Dai, Z. Chen, H. Wang, B. Li, Q. Zheng, G. Fang, Performance enhancement of polymer solar cells with high work function cus modified ito as anodes. Org. Electron. 22, 173–179 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.051
J. A Christians,, R. C. Fung, P. V. Kamat, An inorganic hole conductor for organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. Improved hole conductivity with copper iodide. J Am. Chem. Soc. 136(2), 758-764.(2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja411014k.
B.A. Nejand, V. AhmadiH, R. Shahverdi, New physical deposition approach for low cost inorganic hole transport layer in normal architecture of durable perovskite solar cells. ACS. Appl. Mater. Inter. 7, 21807–21818 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05477
Q. Wali, F. J. Iftikhar, M. E. Khan, A. Ullah, Y. Iqbal, and R. Jose, Advances in stability of perovskite solar cells. Org. Electron. 78, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105590
J.M. Frost, K.T. Butler, F. Brivio, C.H. Hendon, M. van Schilfgaarde, A. Walsh, Atomistic origins of high-performance in hybrid halide perovskite solar cells. Nano Lett. 14, 2584–2590 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl500390f
N. Rajamanickam, S. Kumari, V.K. Vendra, B.W. Lavery, J. Spurgeon, T. Druffel, M.K. Sunkara, Stable and durable ch3nh3pbi3 perovskite solar cells at ambient conditions. Nanotechnology 27, 235404 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/23/235404
D. Wang, M. Wright, N.K. Elumalai, A. Uddin, Stability of perovskite solar cells. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 147, 255–275 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.12.025
W.L. Leong, Z.E. Ooi, D. Sabba, C. Yi, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Graetzel, J.M. Gordon, E.A. Katz, N. Mathews, Identifying fundamental limitations in halide perovskite solar cells. Ad. Mater. 28, 2439–2445 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505480
T. Duong, Y. Wu, H. Shen, J. Peng, S. Zhao, N. Wu, M. Lockrey, T. White, K. Weber, K. Catchpole, Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (letid) in perovskite solar cells and development of stable semi-transparent cells. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 188, 27–36 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.08.017
J.-W. Lee, D.-H. Kim, H.-S. Kim, S.-W. Seo, S. M. Cho, N.-G. Park, Formamidinium and cesium hybridization for photo- and moisture-stable perovskite solar cell. Adv. Energy. Mater. 5 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201501310
S. Guarnera, A. Abate, W. Zhang, J.M. Foster, G. Richardson, A. Petrozza, H.J. Snaith, Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells with a porous al2o3 buffer layer. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 432–437 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz502703p
L. Qiu, L.K. OnoY, Qi, Advances and challenges to the commercialization of organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cell technology. Mater. Today Energy. 7, 169–189 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2017.09.008
Z. Wang, Q. Lin, F.P. Chmiel, N. Sakai, L.M. Herz, H. J. Snaith, Efficient ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2d–3d heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidiniumd lead halide perovskites. Nat. Energy. 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.135
G. Grancini, C. Roldan-Carmona, I. Zimmermann, E. Mosconi, X. Lee, D. Martineau, S. Narbey, F. Oswald, F. De Angelis, M. Graetzel, M.K. Nazeeruddin, One-year stable perovskite solar cells by 2d/3d interface engineering. Nat. Commun. 8, 15684 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15684
S.G. Hashmi, A. Tiihonen, D. Martineau, M. Ozkan, P. Vivo, K. Kaunisto, V. Ulla, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Long term stability of air processed inkjet infiltrated carbon-based printed perovskite solar cells under intense ultra-violet light soaking. J. Mater. Chem. A. 5, 4797–4802 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta10605f
A.H. Slavney, T. Hu, A.M. Lindenberg, H.I. Karunadasa, A bismuth-halide double perovskite with long carrier recombination lifetime for photovoltaic applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 2138–2141 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b13294
D.H. Cao, C.C. Stoumpos, O.K. Farha, J.T. Hupp, M.G. Kanatzidis, 2d homologous perovskites as light-absorbing materials for solar cell applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 7843–7850 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03796
J.M. Kadro, N. Pellet, F. Giordano, A. Ulianov, O. Müntener, J. Maier, M. Grätzel, A. Hagfeldt, Proof-of-concept for facile perovskite solar cell recycling. Energ. Environ. Sci. 9, 3172–3179 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee02013e
A. Binek, M.L. Petrus, N. Huber, H. Bristow, Y. Hu, T. Bein, P. Docampo, Recycling perovskite solar cells to avoid lead waste. ACS. Appl. Mater. Inter. 8, 12881–12886 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b03767
C. Li, Z. Zhu, Y. Wang, Q. Guo, C. Wang, P. Zhong, Z. a. Tan, R. Yang, Lead acetate produced from lead-acid battery for efficient perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy. 69 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104380
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tian, Y., Zhu, C., Hong, K., Qiu, K., Zhang, R. (2024). Advanced Perovskite Solar Cells. In: Ikhmayies, S.J. (eds) Advanced Ceramics. Advances in Material Research and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43918-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43918-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-43917-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-43918-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)