Abstract
A main objective of fisheries management is to regulate fishing mortality rates in order to achieve objectives of economic, social and ecological sustainability. Tongoy Bay is a high biological productive area that supports an important artisanal benthic fishery. The highest catch take place in the late 1990s, since then Tongoy Bay has been under a fishing control regime, as a consequence of the Implementation of Territorial Uses Rights for Fisheries (TURFs), showing signs of improvement in the health status of whole communities. To establish the level of sustainability in long term of the benthic ecosystem, three stationary trophic models (using Ecopath) were building for the years 1992, 2002 and 2012. Fisheries management strategies were evaluated for economic and ecological objectives through dynamic trophic models (Ecosim), which were optimized based on changes in fishing mortality of the exploited resources. The main result showed that high fishing mortality rates are associated with greater economic value but have negatively effect on the structure of the ecosystem. Conversely, giving greater weight to ecological objectives results in strong negative effects on economic objectives. The evaluation of both criteria simultaneously allows establishing criteria that responds to optimum results for both criteria used. However, the optimization responses of both objective functions were notably affected by the ecosystem health condition of each year/model. In 1992, for which the lowest health ecosystem was established, showed a lower ecological sustainability and low potential for economic optimization compared to the year 2012, which presented a better ecosystem condition. We concluded that sustainability and optimization based on the potential of ecological and economic is a condition related by the degree of exploitation in benthic ecosystem. Therefore, before seeking to optimize the productivity of the system, its health should be recovered.
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Acknowledgement
This research was supported from Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT). J.G. thanks Fondecyt #3170914 Postdoctoral Grant.
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González, J.E., Ortiz, M. (2021). Exploring Harvest Strategies in a Benthic Habitat in the Humboldt Current System (Chile): A Study Case. In: Ortiz, M., Jordán, F. (eds) Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58211-1_6
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