Abstract
Considering that information technology penetrates all areas and domains of the public sector, it has to be considered the extension of the required regulation needed for warranting that this phenomenon becomes an advantage and not a threat. In this sense, this study has as aims to discuss certain aspects associated with fair use of emerging and disruptive technologies and (such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data) in the public sector. The emphasis may fall upon the treatment of this subject by traditional regulatory instances, such as Data Protection Regulation-GDPR, in the sense of enhancing the capacity of Governments to ensure privacy, data protection, and the protection of citizens.
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Notes
- 1.
GDPR came into force on the 25th may 2016 and became fully applicable on the 25th may 2018. It expressly revoked Diretive 95/46/CE and, being an European Regulation, it is mandatory and directly applicable in all EU State Members, thus replacing Portuguese Data Protection Law in all that is not compatible with tghe Regulation. (articles 94. º and 99 of GDPR).
- 2.
That, in a general way, were built on the base of the argument that it is up to the European Union to ensure that “the fundamental right to data protection, established in the Chart of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is applied in a coherent way (…), specially in a world society characterised by quick technologial changes”.
- 3.
According to the Working Group of Article 29 [9], the concept of DPO is not new, since the “Directive 95/46/CE3 did not oblige any organization to designate a DPO but still the practice of designating a DPO was being developed in several member states along the years.”. Furthermore, the referred Working Group mentions that the main aims of DPO are to “ease the conformity through the implementation of responsibilization instruments ( for instance, making it viable evaluations of data protection impact, and making or audits)” and also serving as “intermediaries between the interested parties, for instance, authorities of control, the data holders and the entrepreneurial units within an organization”.
- 4.
Wording given by Law nº. 13,853 of 2019.
- 5.
The above listed is justa n example but, it may be thought as an alert for the fact that, in smart citie’s programmes, the debate goes beyond the “mere” use of data. As Teresa Moreira and Francisco Andrade say [11]: These Technologies bring along the risk of an intensive use of personal data. We are confronted with a real threat of constant treatment of personal data, which leads us to the overwhelming perspective of a progressive transformation of persons into electronic persons, while object of constant monitoring (or surveillance) by a growing number of informatic applications.
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by FCT Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019.
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Bernardes, M.B., de Andrade, F.P., Novais, P. (2020). Data Protection in Public Sector: Normative Analysis of Portuguese and Brazilian Legal Orders. In: Rocha, Á., Adeli, H., Reis, L., Costanzo, S., Orovic, I., Moreira, F. (eds) Trends and Innovations in Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1160. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45691-7_76
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