Abstract
Statistical models are used to study the relationship between exposure and disease while accounting for the potential role of other factors' impact on outcomes. This adjustment is useful to obtain unbiased estimates of true effects or to predict future outcomes. Statistical models include a systematic component and an error component. The systematic component explains the variability of the response variable as a function of the predictors and is summarized in the effect estimates (model coefficients). The error element of the model represents the variability in the data unexplained by the model and is used to build measures of precision around the point estimates (confidence intervals).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Heckbert, S. R., Post, W., Pearson, G. D., Arnett, D. K., Gomes, A. S., Jerosch-Herold, M., Hundley, W. G., Lima, J. A., Bluemke, D. A. (2006) Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in relation to left ventricular mass, volume, and systolic function by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 48, 2285–2292.
Ravani, P., Tripepi, G., Malberti, F., Testa, S., Mallamaci, F., Zoccali, C. (2005) Asymmetrical dimethylarginine predicts progression to dialysis and death in patients with chronic kidney disease: A competing risks modeling approach. J Am Soc Nephrol 16, 2449–2455.
Palatini, P., Mormino, P., Dorigatti, F., Santonastaso, M., Mos, L., De Toni, R., Winnicki, M., Dal Follo, M., Biasion, T., Garavelli, G., Pessina, A.C., HARVEST Study Group. (2006) Glomerular hyperfiltration predicts the development of microalbuminuria in stage 1 hypertension: The HARVEST. Kidney Int 70, 578–584.
Malik, A. R., Sultan, S., Turner, S.T., Kullo, I. J. (2007) Urinary albumin excretion is associated with impaired flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery dilatation in hypertensive adults. J Hum Hypertens 21, 231–238.
Kohler, K. A., McClellan, W. M., Ziemer, D. C., Kleinbaum, D. G., Boring, J. R. (2000) Risk factors for microalbuminuria in black Americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis 36, 903–913.
Verhave, J. C., Hillege, H. L., Burgerhof, J. G., Navis, G., de Zeeuw, D., de Jong, P. E. (2003) PREVEND Study Group: Cardiovascular risk factors are differently associated with urinary albumin excretion in men and women. J Am Soc Nephrol 14, 1330–1335.
Glantz, S. A., Slinker, B. K. (2001) A Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill., New York.
Heine, G. H., Reichart, B., Ulrich, C., Kohler, H., Girndt, M. (2007) Do ultrasound renal resistance indices reflect systemic rather than renal vascular damage in chronic kidney disease? Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:163–70
Tonelli, M., Sacks, F., Pfeffer, M., Jhangri, G. S., Curhan, G. (2005) Biomarkers of inflammation and progression of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 68, 237–245.
Rothman, K. J. (2002) Measuring Interaction. In: Epidemiology: An Introduction. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 168–180.
Altman, D. G., Machin, D., Bryant, T. N., Gardner, M. J., eds. (2000) Statstics with Confidence, 2nd ed. BMJ Books, London.
Ravani, P., Parfrey, P. Gadag, V., Malberti, F., Barrett, B. (2008) Clinical research of kidney diseases III: principles of regression and modelling. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22, 3422–3430.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ravani, P., Barrett, B., Parfrey, P. (2008). Modeling Longitudinal Data, I: Principles of Multivariate Analysis. In: Barrett, B., Parfrey, P. (eds) Clinical Epidemiology. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 473. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-385-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-385-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-964-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-385-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols