Abstract
The microbial communities that reside within the mammalian host play important roles in the development of a robust host immune system. With the advent of sequencing technology and barcoding strategy of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, microbiota studies are becoming more economical but also more important in many immunology studies. Here, we described a representative study protocol to characterize how the microbiota changes during an intestinal helminth infection, with emphasis on subtle aspects of the experimental design that are critical for data interpretation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Belkaid Y, Hand Timothy W (2014) Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell 157(1):121–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011
Girgis NM, Gundra UM, Pn L (2013) Immune regulation during helminth infections. PLoS Pathog 9(4):e1003250. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003250
McSorley HJ, Maizels RM (2012) Helminth infections and host immune regulation. Clin Microbiol Rev 25(4):585–608. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.05040-11
Harnett W, Harnett MM (2010) Helminth-derived immunomodulators: can understanding the worm produce the pill? Nature Rev 10(4):278–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2730
Brindley PJ, Mitreva M, Ghedin E, Lustigman S (2009) Helminth genomics: the implications for human health. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3(10):e538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000538
Mutapi F The gut microbiome in the helminth infected host. Trends Parasitol 31(9):405–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.003
Lee SC, Tang MS, Lim YAL, Choy SH, Kurtz ZD, Cox LM, Gundra UM, Cho I, Bonneau R, Blaser MJ, Chua KH, Pn L (2014) Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(5):e2880. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002880
Ramanan D, Bowcutt R, Lee SC, Tang MS, Kurtz ZD, Ding Y, Honda K, Gause WC, Blaser MJ, Bonneau RA, Lim YA, Loke P, Cadwell K (2016) Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity. Science 352(6285):608–612. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf3229
Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Walters WA, Berg-Lyons D, Lozupone CA, Turnbaugh PJ, Fierer N, Knight R (2011) Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(Suppl 1):4516–4522. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000080107
Grencis RK (2015) Immunity to helminths: resistance, regulation, and susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes. Annu Rev Immunol 33:201–225. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120218
Morgan XC, Huttenhower C (2012) Chapter 12: human microbiome analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 8(12):e1002808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002808
Acknowledgments
We thank Laurie M. Cox and the Blaser lab at the New York University School of Medicine for assistance with setting up 16S rRNA sequencing in our laboratory and for providing the reverse barcoded primer constructs. We thank David Artis for seed stock of T. muris.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Tang, M.S., Bowcutt, R., Loke, P. (2018). Assessing the Mouse Intestinal Microbiota in Settings of Type-2 Immune Responses. In: Reinhardt, R. (eds) Type 2 Immunity. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1799. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7896-0_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7896-0_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7895-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7896-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols