Abstract
The invention of “dialysis” can be traced back to 1861 when Thomas Graham, Professor of chemistry at the Anderson’s University in Glasgow, first demonstrated the principles of selective transfer of molecules across a semipermeable membrane along a concentration gradient (diffusion). Willem J Kolff, the architect of the artificial kidney machine, first applied these principles in humans for blood purification, initially to treat acute renal failure in 1945. Subsequently, in an attempt to reverse uremic toxicity and restore salt and water homeostasis in chronic renal failure, diffusion was combined with convection to form the basis of current hemodialysis (HD) technology. Major advances in the design, efficiency, and safety of the technology over five decades coupled with its phenomenal global uptake since the 1980s has established HD as the dominant modality for the treatment of end-stage renal failure. This chapter reviews the main technical components of the HD system, practical concepts around treatment setup, initiation, troubleshooting, and safety, relevant to clinical practice today.
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Mitra, S., Mitsides, N. (2016). Technical Aspects of Hemodialysis. In: Magee, C., Tucker, J., Singh, A. (eds) Core Concepts in Dialysis and Continuous Therapies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7657-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7657-4_2
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