Abstract
Until rcently the only biomedical use of erythrocytes was in transfusion medicine to restore normal oxygen delivery. In recent years a number of procedures have been developed to load these cells with macromolecules including enzymes, drugs, antigens, etc. (Magnani and DeLoach, 1992b). The majority of the methods used are based on the remarkable capacity of the erythrocyte to swell and become leaky when placed in hypo-osmotic solutions. Extracellular substances may enter the erythrocyte at this stage and membrane resealing can then be performed by hyper-osmotic solutions. Upon incubation resealed erythrocytes resume their normal biconcave shape, recover their normal membrane impermeability, and can survive in circulation with a nearly normal life-span (Ihler and Tsang, 1987; Dale, 1987; DeLoach, 1987; Ropars et al, 1987). Thus, after loading with drugs, the erythrocyte can serve as a carrier. Encapsulated drugs, depending on their physico-chemical properties can remain entrapped in the carrier cell, or can permeate the erythrocyte membrane and be released slowly into the circulation or can be metabolized by erythrocyte resident enzymes into diffusible molecules. A number of examples of each of these possibilities have been reported during recent years (Magnani and DeLoach, 1992b; Ropars et al, 1987b). If not metabolized by erythrocyte resident enzymes, non diffusible drugs can be targeted to selective organs or cells by appropriate manipulations of the carrier cell.
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Magnani, M., Rossi, L., Chiarantini, L., Fraternale, A., Casabianca, A. (1994). Red Blood Cells as Carriers of Drugs Against Retroviruses. In: Gregoriadis, G., McCormack, B., Poste, G. (eds) Targeting of Drugs 4. NATO ASI Series, vol 273. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1207-7_13
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