Skip to main content

Abstract

Increased package density and reliability expectations require a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of plastic packages under process and use conditions. This chapter reviews potential failure modes and a combined analytical/experimental approach developed under ESPRIT project 5033—PLASIC for stress analysis in plastic packages. This includes (1) a failure criterion for moisture-induced stresses; (2) a finite-element approach for thermal stress analysis; and (3) a piezoresistive technique for stress measurements and model calibration. The latter is applied to the particular problem of metal line displacement at the surface of a silicon die.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Van Kessel, C. G. M., S. A. Gee, and J. Murphy, “The Quality of Die Attachment and Its Relationship to Stresses and Vertical Die Cracking,” IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, CHMT-6(4), 1983, pp. 414–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Van Kessel, C. G. M., and S. A. Gee, “The Use of Fractography in the Failure Analysis of Die Cracking,” 10th Int. Symp. Testing and Failure Analysis, Los Angeles, October 1984, pp. 258–264.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Thomas, R. E., “Stress-induced Deformation of Aluminum Metallisation in Plastic Molded Semiconductor Devices,” IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids,and Manufacturing Technology, CHMT-8(4), 1985, pp. 427–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Oizumo, S., N. Imanura, H. Tabata, and H. Suzuki, “Stress Analysis of Si-chip and Plastic Encapsulant Interface,” Nitto Technical Reports, 51 September 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Manzione, L. T., Plastic Packaging of Microelectronic Devices, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1990, pp. 308–309.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nishimura, A., A. Tatemichi, H. Miura, and T. Sakamota, “Life Estimation for IC Plastic Packages Under Temperature Cycling Based on Fracture Mechanics,” IEEE Trans. Components,Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, CHMT-12(4), 1987, pp. 637–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nishimura, A., and S. Kawai, “Effect of Leadframe Material on Plastic Encapsulated IC Package Cracking Under Temperature Cycling,” Proc. 39th Electronics Component Conference, Houston, TX, 1989, pp. 524–530.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fukuzawa, I., S. Ishiguro, and S. Nanbu, “Moisture Resistance Degradation of Plastic LSIs by Reflow Soldering,” Proc. IEEE Int. Reliability Physics Symposium, CH2113–9/85/0000–0192, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ohizumo, S., S. Ito, and H. Suzuki, “Analysis of Reflow Soldering by Finite Element Method,” Nitto Technical Reports, 40 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  10. IPC-SM-786, Impact of Moisture on Plastic IC Package Cracking, Institute for Interconnects and Packaging Electronic Circuits, Lincoln Wood, IL, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lamourelle, F., “Plastic Encapsulation of Microelectronic Devices, Study of Moisture Penetration,” in French, PhD thesis, Université de Bordeaux I IBM Compec, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ohizumo, S., S. Ito, M. Nagasawa, K. Igarashi, and M. Kohmoto, “Analytical and Experimental Study for Designing Molding Compounds for Surface Mounting Devices,” Proc. 40th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Las Vegas, 1990, pp. 625–631.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nishioka, T., S. Ito, M. Nagasawa, K. Igarashi, and M. Kohmoto, “Special Properties of Molding Compound for Surface Mounting Devices,” Proc. 40th Electronic Components and Technology Conference, Las Vegas, 1990, pp. 632–640.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dale, J. R., and R. C. Oldfield, “Mechanical Stresses Likely to be Encountered in the Manufacture and Use of Plastically Encapsulated Devices,” Microelectronics and Reliability, 16 1977, pp. 255–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Timoshenko, S. P., and J. N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1983, pp. 284–288.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Usell, R. J., and S. A. Smiley, “Experimental and Mathematical Determination of Mechanical Strains Within Plastic IC Packages and Their Effects on Devices During Environmental Tests,” Proc. 19th Annual Int. Reliability Symposium, IEEE, 1981, pp. 65–73.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Howel, J., “Reliability Study of Encapsulated Copper Leadframe/Epoxy Die Attach Packaging System,” Proc. 19th Annual Int. Reliability Symposium, IEEE, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Groothuis, S., W. Schroen, and M. Murtuza, “Computer Aided Stress Modeling for Optimizing Package Reliability,” Proc. 23rd Annual Int. Reliability Symposium, IEEE, 1985, pp. 184–191.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Edwards, D., K. G. Heinen, S. K. Groothuis, and J. E. Martines, “Shear Stress Evaluation of Plastic Packages,” IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, CHMT-12(4), 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Natarajan, B., and B. Bhattacharayya, “Die Surface Stresses in a Molded Plastic Package,” Proc. 36th Electronics Component Conference, IEEE, 1986, pp. 544–551.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liechti, K. M., “Residual Stress in Plastically Encapsulated Microelectronic Devices,” Experimental Mechanics, September 1985, pp. 226–231.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Schroen, W. H., P. S. Planton, and D. R. Edwards, “Finite Elements Analysis Application to Semiconductor Devices,” IEEE, TH0238–6/88/0000–35, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Shoraka, F., C. A. Gealer, and E. Bettes, “Research Reveals Differences in Coating Effects on Die Stress,” Semiconductor International, October 1988, pp. 110–113.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lundstrom, P., and K. Gustafsson, “Mechanical Stress and Life for Plastic Encapsulated Large Area Chip,” Proc. 38th Electronics Component Conference, Los Angeles, 1988, pp. 396–405.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Glasser, J. C., and M. P. Juaire, “Thermal and Structural Analysis of a PLCC Device for Surface Mount Processes,” J. Electronic Packaging, Trans. ASME, 111(3), September 1989, pp. 172–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Simon, B. R., Y. Yuan, J. R. Umaretiya, J. L. Prince, and Z. J. Staszak, “Parametric Study of a VLSI Plastic Package Using Locally Refined Element Models,” 5th IEEE Semi-Therm Symposium, 1989, pp. 52–58.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Simon, B. R., Y. Yuan, J. R. Umaretiya, R. Bavirisetty, and J. L. Prince, “Thermal and Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of a VLSI Package Including Spatially Varying Thermal Contact Resistance,” 6th IEEE Semi-Therm Symposium, 1990, pp. 74–81.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gee, S. A., W. F. Van Der Bogert, V. R. Akylas, and R. T. Shelton, “Strain Gage Mapping of Die Surface Stresses,” IEEE Trans. Components,Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, 12(4),1989, pp. 587–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Tiziani, R., M. Mermet-Guyennet, and V. Motta, “Plastic Package Reliability Study by Means of Integrated Test Structures,” Proc. 8th Int. Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium, IEEE CH2833–2/90/89–82530, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bittle, D. A., J. C. Suhling, R. E. Beaty, R. C. Jaeger, and R. W. Johnson, “Piezoresistive Stress Sensors for Structural Analysis of Electronic Packages,” J. Electronic Packaging, Trans. ASME, 113(3), September 1991, pp. 203–215.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Boresi, A. P., and O. M. Sidebottom, Advanced Mechanics of Materials, 4th edn., Wiley, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nye, J. F. Physical Properties of Crystals, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lau, J. H., “A Note on the Calculation of Thermal Stresses in Electronic Packaging by Finite Element Methods,” J. Electronic Packaging,Trans. ASME, 111(4),December 1989, pp. 313–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Van Nostrand Reinhold

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mermet-Guyennet, M. (1993). Thermal and Moisture Stresses in Plastic Packages. In: Lau, J.H. (eds) Thermal Stress and Strain in Microelectronics Packaging. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7767-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7767-2_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7769-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7767-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics