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Notes
- 1.
The expression “nine numbers” probably refers to the multiplication table up to nine times nine.
- 2.
The Chinese term for “heaps” refers to an accumulation of discrete objects in a certain geometric shape, whereas “volumes” refer to a continuous geometric solid.
- 3.
The terminology here refers to the method of double false position.
- 4.
Necessary to solve systems of linear equations.
- 5.
Liu Hui’s commentary (dated 263) to the algorithm for square root extraction in the Nine Chapters of Mathematical Procedures makes use of colors to refer to the geometric entities in a square corresponding with the terms in the algorithm. See Chemla and Guo 2004, pp. 322–329).
- 6.
The other course was “Studying the Nine Chapters”; modern mathematics was taught in Arithmetic, Algebra, and Differential and Integral Calculus.
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Additional References
For Vietnam
Volkov, Alexei. 2008. Mathematics in Vietnam. In Encyclopaedia of the history of non-western science: Natural science, technology and medicine, ed. H. Selin, 1425–1432. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Volkov, Alexei. 2009. Mathematics and mathematics education in traditional Vietnam. In Oxford handbook of the history of mathematics, ed. E. Robson and J. Stedall, 153–176. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
For Korea
Kawahara, Hideki. 2010. Chōsen sūgakushi : Shushigakuteki na tenkai to sono shūen (History of mathematics in Korea: Its Neo-Confucianist development and its end). Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai東京大学出版会.
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Bréard, A., Horiuchi, A. (2014). History of Mathematics Education in East Asia in Premodern Times. In: Karp, A., Schubring, G. (eds) Handbook on the History of Mathematics Education. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9155-2_8
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