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Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids

Neuroscience in the 21st Century

Abstract

Marijuana is a common name for the plant Cannabis sativa, whose intoxicating and medicinal effects have been known for thousand of years. The active principle of marijuana, (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), exerts its pharmacological effects by binding to selective receptors present on the membranes of neurons and other cells. These cannabinoid receptors are normally engaged by a family of lipid mediators, called endocannabinoids, which are thought to participate in the regulation of a diversity of brain functions, including pain, mood, appetite and memory.

The endocannabinoid system is comprised of the endocannabinoids, mainly anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), proteins that control their formation and deactivation, and cell-surface receptors (CB1 and CB2) that transduce their actions. The key components of endocannabinoid signaling are found in the brain and spinal cord, but also in many peripheral organs and tissues.

In this chapter, we outline current views on how endocannabinoid substances are produced, act on cannabinoid receptors, and are deactivated in the brain. In addition, we review recent progress on the development of pharmacological agents that interfere with endocannabinoid deactivation and discuss their potential utility in the treatment of cannabinoid-based therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Gillespie NRF 3105, 3216 Box 6900, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-1275

    Kwang-Mook Jung & Daniele Piomelli

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-1275

    Daniele Piomelli

  3. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-1275

    Daniele Piomelli

  4. Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy

    Daniele Piomelli

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Correspondence to Daniele Piomelli .

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  1. Rockefeller University Lab. Neurobiology & Behaviour, New York, New York, USA

    Donald W. Pfaff

  2. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Nora D. Volkow

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Jung, KM., Piomelli, D. (2015). Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids. In: Pfaff, D., Volkow, N. (eds) Neuroscience in the 21st Century. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_136-1

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  1. Latest

    Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids
    Published:
    22 June 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_136-2

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    Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids
    Published:
    11 March 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_136-1

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