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Sleep Regulation and Insomnia

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Neuroscience in the 21st Century

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Abstract

For years, the subject of sleep failed to generate much interest from either the field of medicine or that of psychology – a curious fact, as a 60-year-old has spent some 20 years out of those 60 sleeping. In fact, up until the age of approximately three years, a child spends more time asleep than awake. It would be an extraordinary evolutionary oversight if this phenomenon of sleep, which is seen in virtually all organisms, did not have an important and vital function (McNamara 2009). The consequences of sleep deprivation make themselves known by interfering with our emotional and cognitive functioning on the following day, when one may also experience the imperative nature of sleep, sometimes at very inconvenient moments (Cluydts 2003).

Sleep: a very active recovery process

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Abbreviations

ARAS:

Ascending reticular activating system

C:

The circadian sleep regulatory process

EEG:

Electroencephalography

HPA axis:

Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Hz:

Hertz cycles per second

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

MCH:

Melanin-concentrating hormone

REM:

Rapid eye movement

S:

The homeostatic sleep regulatory process

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

TNF-a:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

vPAG:

Ventral region around the aqueduct of Sylvius (para-aqueductal gray)

VPLO:

Ventrolateral preoptic area

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sleep & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience and VU University and Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Prof. Eus van Someren

  2. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B – 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Prof. Raymond Cluydts

Authors
  1. Prof. Eus van Someren
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  2. Prof. Raymond Cluydts
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Correspondence to Eus van Someren .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA

    Donald W. Pfaff

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van Someren, E., Cluydts, R. (2013). Sleep Regulation and Insomnia. In: Pfaff, D.W. (eds) Neuroscience in the 21st Century. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1997-6_67

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