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Overview of Neglected Tropical Diseases

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Third World Diseases

Part of the book series: Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ((TMC,volume 7))

Abstract

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), caused by a host of pathogens including helminthes, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, remain a difficult and challenging area for drug discovery, being limited by meager resources and funding, challenged by gaps in knowledge of pathogen biology and drug targets, and faced with limitations specific to the developing world, including stringent cost of good constraints, the lack of robust infrastructure to effectively deliver and administer drug therapy, and socioeconomic considerations in disease endemic areas. This chapter will endeavor to provide a general overview of scientific approaches for NTDs, and review some of the current challenges and advancements in diseases of the developing world (DDW) drug discovery, as well as discuss the interplay between international networks of organizations, foundations, and public and private partners involved in neglected disease drug discovery. This chapter will also review general aspects and considerations common to many or all of these diseases, including burden of disease, coinfections, pathogenicity, drug resistance, drug combination therapy, and mass drug administration programs. This chapter will briefly address disease treatment on a general level, including the treatment of coinfections and care of special groups of patients, such as children and pregnant women.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Global burden of disease 2004. WHO 2008 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/index.html).

  2. 2.

    Diarrheal disease web page. WHO (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/).

  3. 3.

    Diarrhea: Why children are still dying and what can be done. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/World Health Organization (WHO), New York, Geneva (2009).

  4. 4.

    World malaria Report 2009. WHO Geneva 2009. http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/en/index.html.

  5. 5.

    Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children. World Health Organization, Geneva, WHO/HTM/TB/2006.371, WHO/FCH/CAH/2006.7.

  6. 6.

    Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. WHO Geneva 2009 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/update/en/index.html).

  7. 7.

    World Health Statistics 2009. WHO Geneva 2009 (http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2009/en/index.html).

  8. 8.

    WHO African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) Fact sheet No 259. Revised August 2006. (www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en).

  9. 9.

    Anti-tuberculosis drug Resistance. Fourth Global report WHO Geneva 2008.

  10. 10.

    State of the art of new Vaccines Research and Development. WHO Geneva 2006.

  11. 11.

    http://www.path.org/files/VAC_rotavirus_fs.pdf.

  12. 12.

    See footnote 10.

  13. 13.

    Innovative Vector control Interventions. Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases Sponsored by UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO. Geneva 2009.

  14. 14.

    http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/vector-control/en/.

  15. 15.

    Technical consultation on specifications and quality control of netting materials and mosquito nets. Updated WHO specifications for netting materials and mosquito nets. WHO Geneva 2005.

  16. 16.

    See footnote 9.

  17. 17.

    http://www.sanger.ac.uk.

  18. 18.

    http://www.dndi.org.

  19. 19.

    http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/T_b_gambiense/.

  20. 20.

    http://www.sanger.ac.uk/search?t=Parasitic+helminth+genomes&db=allsanger&search=Search.

  21. 21.

    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/parasites/paratable.html.

  22. 22.

    http://www.edctp.org.

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Acknowledgments

The support of Maribel Ardid and Nick Camack from GlaxoSmithKline is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Paseo de los Cerezos 5, 28016, Madrid, Spain

    Federico Gomez de las Heras

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  1. Federico Gomez de las Heras
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Correspondence to Federico Gomez de las Heras .

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  1. Box P.O., Seattle, 98102, Washington, USA

    Richard Elliott

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de las Heras, F.G. (2011). Overview of Neglected Tropical Diseases. In: Elliott, R. (eds) Third World Diseases. Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol 7. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2011_12

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