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Diazotrophic Bacterial Endophytes in Gramineae and Other Plants

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Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 8))

Abstract

Almost every plant has endophytic bacteria, which do not cause any harm to the plant, but may exert supportive effects on plant development and health. Diazotrophic bacteria were found to reside in roots, stems, and leaves of Gramineae (e.g., sugarcane, rice, maize, wheat, Miscanthus, and Pennisetum) and other plants (e.g., coffee, sweet potato, pineapple, banana). Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a typical endophytic diazotroph in sugarcane roots, stems, and leaves, where its plant growth promotion is supposedly based on a combination of nitrogen fixation and phytohormonal effect. Several Rhizobia were shown to colonize gramineous plants (rice, wheat, maize) endophytically which are grown in rotation or as mixed cultivation with legumes. They exert plant growth promoting effects in their non-leguminous hosts. Some Azospirillum strains are able to colonize the root cortex of Gramineae and other plants and act as plant growth promoting agents mostly via phytohormonal stimulation of root development and activity. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is residing inside the roots and stems of sugarcane, rice, sweet potato, and other plants. It has been shown to exert plant growth promotion and nitrogen fixation in planta. Azoarcus sp. BH72 and other species are endophytes of Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca), a halophyte in Pakistan, and also of different rice species. They colonize the aerenchyma of roots, are able to fix nitrogen in planta, and may turn to a non-culturable state inside the host plant. Several diazotrophic Burkholderia species, B. tropica, B. unamae, and B. brasilensis were described as endophytes of sugarcane, rice, maize, and teosinte plants. Most interestingly, three quite closely related Burkholderia species (B. phymatum, B. tuberum and B. mimosum) are able to form nodules in legumes (e.g., Mimosa spp.) and fix nitrogen in a symbiotic state like Rhizobia. Among the gamma-proteobacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae 342 and Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 were identified as effective and systemic endophytes of maize and rice, respectively.

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  1. Department Microbe-Plant Interactions, GSF – National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany

    Michael Rothballer, Michael Schmid & Anton Hartmann

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Rothballer, M., Schmid, M., Hartmann, A. (2007). Diazotrophic Bacterial Endophytes in Gramineae and Other Plants. In: Pawlowski, K. (eds) Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants. Microbiology Monographs, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7171_2007_103

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