Skip to main content

Allergens of Special Interest

  • Chapter
Contact Dermatitis

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. International Fragrance Association (IFRA). Code of practice. Definitions. Home page at: http://www.ifraorg.org

    Google Scholar 

  2. Müller J (1992) The H&R book of perfume. Understanding fragrance. Origin, history, development. Guide to fragrance ingredients. Glöss, Hamburg, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  3. Poucher WA (1993) Poucher’s perfumes, cosmetics and soaps. The production, manufacture and application of perfumes, 9th edn, vol 2. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bernard G, Giménez-Arnau E, Rastogi SC, Heydorn S, Johansen JD, Menné T, Goossens A, Andersen K, Lepoittevin JP (2003) Contact allergy to oak moss: search for sensitizing molecules using combined bioassay-guided chemical fractionation, GC-MS, and structure-activity relationship analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 295:229–235

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bauer K, Garbe D, Surburg H (1990) Common fragrance and flavor materials, 2nd edn. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  6. SCCNFP (1998) The Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers. Opinion concerning fragrance inventory. Adopted by the SCCNFP during the plenary session of 23 September 1998

    Google Scholar 

  7. Johansen JD (2002) Contact allergy to fragrances: clinical and experimental investigations of the fragrance mix and its ingredients. Contact Dermatitis 46(Suppl 3):4–31

    Google Scholar 

  8. Harder U (1998) The art of creating a perfume. In: Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, White IR (eds) Fragrances-beneficial and adverse effects. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lepoittevin JP, Mutterer V (1998) Molecular aspects of fragrance sensitisation. In: Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, White IR (eds) Fragrances — beneficial and adverse effects. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 49–56

    Google Scholar 

  10. Karlberg AT (1998) d-limonene — an old perfume ingredient introduced as a “natural” solvent in industry: is there a risk of sensitization? In: Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, White IR (eds) Fragrances — beneficial and adverse effects. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 106–112

    Google Scholar 

  11. Basketter DA (1992) Skin sensitization to cinnamic alcohol: the role of skin metabolism. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 72:264–265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Nilsson AM, Jonsson C, Luthman K, Nilsson JL, Karlberg AT (2004) Inhibition of the sensitizing effect of carvone by the addition of non-allergenic compounds. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 84:99–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Karlberg AT, Nilsson AM, Luthman K, Nilsson JL (2001) Structural analogues inhibit the sensitizing capacity of carvone. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 81:398–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Johansen JD, Skov L, Volund A, Andersen K, Menné T (1998) Allergens in combination have a synergistic effect on the elicitation response: a study of fragrance-sensitized individuals. Br J Dermatol 139:264–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Grabbe S, Steinert M, Mahnke K, Schwarz A, Luger TA, Schwarz T (1996) Dissection of antigenic and irritative effects of epicutaneously applied haptens in mice. Evidence that not the antigenic component but nonspecific proinflammatory effects of haptens determine the concentration-dependent elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis. J Clin Invest 98:1158–1164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Marzulli FN, Maibach HI (1980) Contact allergy: predictive testing of fragrance ingredients in humans by Draize and maximization methods. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 3:235–245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Frankild S (1999) Dose-response studies in guinea pig allergy tests. PhD thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  18. Patlewicz GY, Wright ZM, Basketter DA, Pease CK, Lepoittevin JP, Arnau EG (2002) Structure-activity relationships for selected fragrance allergens. Contact Dermatitis 47:219–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rastogi SC, Lepoittevin JP, Johansen JD, Frosch P, Menné T, Bruze M, Dreier B, Andersen KE, White I (1998) Fragrances and other materials in deodorants — search for potentially sensitizing molecules using combined GC-MS and structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis. Contact Dermatitis 39:293–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Patlewicz GY, Basketter DA, Pease CK, Wilson K, Roberts DW, Bernard G, Arnau EG, Lepoittevin JP (2004) Further evaluation of quantitative structure activity relationship models for the prediction of the skin sensitization potency of selected fragrance allergens. Contact Dermatitis 50:91–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Larsen WG (1977) Perfume dermatitis. A study of 20 patients. Arch Dermatol 113:623–626

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Malten KE, van Ketel WG, Nater JP, Liem DH (1984) Reactions in selected patients to 22 fragrance materials. Contact Dermatitis 11:1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. de Groot AC, Liem DH, Nater JP, van Ketel WG (1985) Patch tests with fragrance materials and preservatives. Contact Dermatitis 12:87–92

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wilkinson JD, Andersen KE, Camarasa J, Ducombs G, Frosch PJ, Lahti A, Menné T, Rycroft RJG, White I (1989) Preliminary results on the effectiveness of two forms of fragrance mix as screening agents for fragrance sensitivity. In: Frosch PJ, Dooms-Goossens A, Lachapelle JM, Rycroft RJG, Sheper RJ (eds) Current topics in contact dermatitis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 127–131

    Google Scholar 

  25. Frosch PJ, Pilz B, Andersen KE, Burrows D, Camasara JG, Dooms-Goossens A, Ducombs G, Fuchs T, Hannuksela M, Lachapelle JM, Lahti A, Maibach HI, Menne T, Rycroft RJG, Shaw S, Wahlberg JE, White IR, Wilkinson JD (1995) Patch testing with fragrances: results of a multicenter study of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group with 48 frequently used constituents of perfumes. Contact Dermatitis 33:333–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, Menné T, Pirker C, Rastogi SC, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Goossens A, Lepoittevin JP, White IR (2000) Further important sensitizers in patients sensitive to fragrances. I. Reactivity to 14 frequently used chemicals. Contact Dermatitis 47:78–85

    Google Scholar 

  27. Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, Menné T, Pirker C, Rastogi SC, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Goossens A, Lepoittevin JP, White IR (2002) Further important sensitizers in patients sensitive to fragrances. II. Reactivity to essential oils. Contact Dermatitis 47:279–287

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Frosch PJ, Pirker C, Rastogi SC, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Svedman C, Goossens A, White IR, Uter W, Arnau EG, Lepoittevin JP, Menné T, Johansen JD (2005) Patch testing with a new fragrance mix detects additional patients sensitive to perfumes and missed by the current fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 52:207–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Frosch PJ, Rastogi SC, Pirker C, Brinkmeier T, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Svedman C, Goossens A, White IR, Uter W, Arnau EG, Lepoittevin JP, Johansen JD, Menné T (2005) Patch testing with a new fragrance mix — reactivity to the single constituents and chemical detection in relevant cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis 52:216–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Larsen W, Nakayama H, Lindberg M, Fischer T, Elsner P, Burrows D, Jordan W, Shaw S, Wilkinson J, Marks J Jr, Sugawara M, Nethercott J (1996) Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation, part I. Am J Contact Dermatitis 7:77–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Larsen W, Nakayama H, Fischer T, Elsner P, Frosch P, Burrows D, Jordan W, Shaw S, Wilkinson J, Marks J Jr, Sugawara M, Nethercott M, Nethercott J (2001) Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation, part II. Contact Dermatitis 44:344–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Larsen W, Nakayama H, Fischer T, Elsner P, Frosch P, Burrows D, Jordan W, Shaw S, Wilkinson J, Marks J Jr, Sugawara M, Nethercott M, Nethercott J (2002) Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation, part III. Contact Dermatitis 46:141–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Larsen W, Nakayama H, Fischer T, Elsner P, Frosch P, Burrows D, Jordan W, Shaw S, Wilkinson J, Marks J Jr, Sugawara M, Nethercott M, Nethercott J (1998) A study of new fragrance mixtures. Am J Contact Dermat 9:202–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, Menné T, Rastogi SC, Bruze M, Andersen KE, Lepoittevin JP, Arnau EG, Pirker C, Goossens A, White IR (1999) Lyral is an important sensitizer in patients sensitive to fragrances. Br J Dermatol 141:1076–1083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Enders F, Przybilla B, Ring J (1989) Patch testing with fragrance mix 16% and 8%, and its individual constituents. Contact Dermatitis 20:237–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Buckley DA, Wakelin SH, Holloway D, Rycroft RJG, White IR, McFadden JP (2000) The frequency of fragrance allergy in a patch test population over a 17-year period. Br J Dermatol 142:279–283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Meding B, Wrangsjo K, Brisman J, Jarvholm B (2003) Hand eczema in 45 bakers — a clinical study. Contact Dermatitis 48:7–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bauer A, Geier J, Elsner P (2002) Type IV allergy in the food processing industry: sensitization profiles in bakers, cooks and butchers. Contact Dermatitis 46:228–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rastogi SC, Johansen JD, Menné T (1996) Natural ingredient based cosmetics. Content of selected fragrance sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis 34:423–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rastogi SC, Johansen JD, Frosch PJ, Menné T, Bruze M, Lepoittevin JP, Dreier B, Andersen KE, White IR (1998) Deodorants on the European market: quantitative chemical analysis of 21 fragrances. Contact Dermatitis 38:29–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rastogi SC, Johansen JD, Menné T, Frosch PJ, Bruze M, Andersen KE, Lepoittevin JP, Wakelin S, White IR (1999) Contents of fragrance allergens in children’s cosmetics and cosmetic-toys. Contact Dermatitis 41:84–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Johansen JD, Rastogi SC, Menné T (1996) Contact allergy to popular perfumes; assessed by patch test, use test and chemical analysis. Br J Dermatol 135:419–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Elahi EN, Wright Z, Hinselwood D, Hotchkiss SA, Basketter DA, Pease CK (2004) Protein binding and metabolism influence the relative skin sensitization potential of cinnamic compounds. Chem Res Toxicol 17:301–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. European Communities (2004) Council directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to cosmetic products. European Communities Official Journal, L262

    Google Scholar 

  45. Tananka S, Royds C, Buckley D, Basketter DA, Goossens A, Bruze M, Svedman C, Menné T, Johansen JD, White IR, McFadden JP (2004) Contact allergy to isoeugenol and its derivatives: problems with allergen substitution. Contact Dermatitis 51:288–291

    Google Scholar 

  46. Barratt MD, Basketter DA (1992) Possible origin of the skin sensitization potential of isoeugenol and related compounds, (I). Preliminary studies of potential reactions mechanisms. Contact Dermatitis 27:98–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bertrand F, Basketter DA, Roberts DW, Lepoittevin JP (1997) Skin sensitization to eugenol and isoeugenol in mice: possible metabolic pathways involving ortho-quinone and quinone methide intermediates. Chem Res Toxicol 10:335–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Basketter DA, Wright ZM, Warbrick EV, Dearman RJ, Kimber I, Ryan CA, Gerberick GF, White IR (2001) Human potency predictions for aldehydes using the local lymph node assay. Contact Dermatitis 45:89–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fenn RS (1989) Aroma chemical usage trends in modern perfumery. Perfumer Flavorist 14:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  50. Goossens A, Merckx L (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from farnesol in a deodorant. Contact Dermatitis 37:179–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Schnuch A, Uter W, Geier J, Lessmann H, Frosch PJ (2004) Contact allergy to farnesol in 2021 consecutively patch tested patients. Results of the IVDK. Contact Dermatitis 50:117–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Heydorn S, Menné T, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Svedman C, White IR, Basketter DA (2003) Citral a fragrance allergen and irritant. Contact Dermatitis 49:32–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Heydorn S, Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Svedman C, White IR, Basketter DA, Menné T (2003) Fragrance allergy in patients with hand eczema — clinical study. Contact Dermatitis 48:317–323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Rothenborg HW, Menné T, Sjolin KE (1977) Temperature dependent primary irritant dermatitis from lemon perfume. Contact Dermatitis 3:37–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mutterer V, Gimenez Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Johansen JD, Frosch PJ, Menné T, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Rastogi SC, White IR (1999) Identification of coumarin as the sensitizer in a patient sensitive to her own perfume but negative to the fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 40:196–199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kunkeler AC, Weijland JW, Bruynzeel DP (1998) The role of coumarin in patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 39:327–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Matura M, Goossens A, Bordalo O, Garcia-Bravo B, Magnusson K, Wrangsjo K, Karlberg AT (2003) Patch testing with oxidized R-(+)-limonene and its hydroperoxide fraction. Contact Dermatitis 49:15–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Matura M, Goossens A, Bordalo O, Garcia-Bravo B, Magnusson K, Wrangsjo K, Karlberg AT (2002) Oxidized citrus oil (R-limonene): a frequent skin sensitizer in Europe. J Am Acad Dermatol 47:709–714

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Skold M, Borje A, Matura M, Karlberg AT (2002) Studies on the autoxidation and sensitizing capacity of the fragrance chemical linalool, identifying a linalool hydroperoxide. Contact Dermatitis 46:267–272

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Skold M, Borje A, Harambasic E, Karlberg AT (2004) Contact allergens formed on air exposure of linalool. Identification and quantification of primary and secondary oxidization products and effects on skin sensitization. Chem Res Toxicol 17:1697–1705

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schnuch A, Lessmann, Geier J, Frosch PJ, Uter W: IDVK (2004) Contact allergy to fragrances: frequencies of sensitization from 1996 to 2002. Results of the IVDK. Contact Dermatitis 50:65–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Svedman C, Bruze M, Bernard G, Gimenez-Arnau E, Rastogi SC, Lepoittevin JP, Menné T (2003) Chloroatranol, an extremely potent allergen hidden in perfumes: a dose-response elicitation study. Contact Dermatitis 49:180–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rastogi SC, Bossi R, Johansen JD, Menné T, Bernard G, Giménez-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP (2004) Content of oak moss allergens atranol and chloroatranol in perfumes and similar products. Contact Dermatitis 50:367–370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP) (2004) Opinion on atranol and chloroatranol present in natural extracts (e.g. oak moss and tree moss extract). Adopted by SCCP during the 2nd plenary meeting of 7 Dec 2004

    Google Scholar 

  65. Nakayama H (1998) Fragrance hypersensitivity and its control In: Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, White IR (eds) Fragrances — beneficial and adverse effects. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 83–91

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hausen BM, Simatupang T, Bruhn G, Evers P, Koenig WA (1995) Identification of new allergens constituents and proof of evidence for coniferyl benzoate in balsam of Peru. Am J Contact Dermat 6:199–208

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hjorth N (1961) Eczematous allergy to balsams. Allied perfumes and flavoring agents — with special reference to balsam of Peru. Thesis. University of Copenhagen, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hausen BM (2001) Contact allergy to balsam of Peru. II. Patch test results in 102 patients with selected balsam of Peru constituents. Am J Contact Dermat 12:93–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. International Fragrance Association (IFRA) (1974) Recommendations concerning Peru balsam. Code of Practice. October 1974, last amended December 1991. Home page at http://www.ifraorg.org

    Google Scholar 

  70. Karlberg AT (2000) Colophony. In: Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg J, Maibach H (eds) Handbook of occupational dermatology, vol 64. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 509–516

    Google Scholar 

  71. International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Standards. Colophony. Last amended December 1991. Home page at <url>http://www.ifraorg.org</url>

    Google Scholar 

  72. de Groot AC, Frosch PJ (1997) Adverse reactions to fragrances. A clinical review. Contact Dermatitis 36:57–87

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Cronin E (1980) Perfumes. Contact dermatitis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 158–170

    Google Scholar 

  74. Trattner A, David M (2003) Patch testing with fine fragrances: comparison with fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and a fragrance series. Contact Dermatitis 49:287–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Maouad M, Fleischer AB, Sherertz EF, Feldman SR (1999) Significance-prevalence index number: a reinterpretation and enhancement of data from the North American Contact Dermatitis group. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:573–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Li LF, Guo J, Wang J (2004) Environmental contact factors in eczema and the results of patch testing Chinese patients with a modified European standard series of allergens. Contact Dermatitis 51:22–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Greig JE, Carson CF, Stuckey MS, Riley TV (2000) Prevalence of delayed hypersensitivity to the European standard series in a self-selected population. Australas J Dermatol 41:86–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Mortz CG, Lauritsen JM, Bindslev-Jensen C, Andersen KE (2002) Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in adolescents: revalence measures and associations. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis (TOACS). Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 82:352–358

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Nielsen NH, Menné T (1992) Allergic contact sensitization in an unselected Danish population. The Glostrup Allergy Study. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 72:456–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Nielsen NH, Linneberg A, Menné T, Madsen F, Frolund L, Dirksen A, Jorgensen T (2001) Allergic contact sensitization in an adult Danish population: two cross-sectional surveys eight years apart (the Copenhagen Allergy Study). Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 81:31–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Schnuch A, Uter W, Geier J, Gefeller O; IDVK study group (2002) Epidemiology of contact allergy: an estimation of morbidity employing the clinical epidemiology and drug-utilization research (CE-DUR) approach. Contact Dermatitis 47:32–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Marks JG, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Maibach HI, Mathias Toby CG, Pratt MD, Rietschel RL, Sherertz EF, Storrs FJ, Taylor J (2003) North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 1998 to 2000. Am J Contact Dermat 14:59–62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Buckley DA, Rycroft RJG, White IR, McFadden JP (2003) The frequency of fragrance allergy in patch-tested patients increases with their age. Br J Dermatol 149: 986–989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Uter W, Schnuch A (2004) Fragrance allergy increases with age. Br J Dermatol 150:1212–1234

    Google Scholar 

  85. Mortz C, Andersen KE (1999) Allergic contact dermatitis in children and adolescents. Contact Dermatitis 41:121–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Heine G, Schnuch A, Uter W, Worm M (2004) Frequency of contact allergy in German children and adolescents patch tested between 1995 and 2002: results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology and the German Contact Dermatitis Group. Contact Dermatitis 51:111–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Johansen JD, Menné T, Christophersen J, Kaaber K, Veien N (2000) Changes in the sensitization pattern to common allergens in Denmark between 1985-1986 and 1997-1998, with a special view to the effect of preventive strategies. Br J Dermatol 142:490–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Scheinman PL (2002) Prevalence of fragrance allergy. Dermatology 205:98–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Rastogi SC, Menné T, Johansen JD (2003) The composition of fine fragrances is changing. Contact Dermatitis 48:130–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Johansen JD, Andersen TF, Veien N, Avnstorp C, Andersen KE, Menné T (1997) Patch testing with markers of fragrance contact allergy. Do clinical tests correspond to patients’ self-reported problems?. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 77:149–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Katz AS, Sheretz F (1999) Facial dermatitis: patch test results and final diagnosis. Am J Contact Dermat 10:153–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Wöhrl S, Hemmer W, Focke M, Görtz M, Jarisch R (2001) The significance of fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, colophony and propolis as screening tools in the detection of fragrance allergy. Br J Dermatol 145:268–27

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Edman B (1994) The influence of shaving method on perfume allergy. Contact Dermatitis 31:291–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Johansen JD, Andersen TF, Kjøller M, Veien N, Avnstorp C, Andersen KE, Menné T (1998) Identification of risk products for fragrance contact allergy: a case-referent study based on patients’ histories. Am J Contact Dermat 2:80–87

    Google Scholar 

  95. Johansen JD, Rastogi SC, Bruze M, Andersen KE, Frosch PJ, Dreier B, Lepoittevin JP, White IR, Menné T (1998) Deodorants: a clinical provocation study in fragrance-sensitive individuals. Contact Dermatitis 39:161–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Svedman C, Bruze M, Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Goossens A, Frosch PJ, Lepoittevin JP, Rastogi S, White IR, Menne T (2003) Deodorants: an experimental provocation study with hydroxycitronellal. Contact Dermatitis 48:217–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Bruze M, Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Frosch P, Lepoittevin JP, Rastogi S, Wakelin S, White I, Menne T (2003) Deodorants: an experimental provocation study with cinnamic aldehyde. J Am Acad Dermatol 48:194–200

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. von Peter C, Hoting E (1993) Anwendungstest mit parfümierten Kosmetika bei Patienten mit positivem Epikutantest auf Duftsstoff-Mischung. Dermatosen 41:237–241

    Google Scholar 

  99. Heydorn S, Menné T, Johansen JD (2003) Fragrance allergy and hand eczema — a review. Contact Dermatitis 48:59–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Buckley DA, Rycroft RJG, White IR, McFadden JP (2000) Contact allergy to individual fragrance mix constituents in relation to primary site of dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 43:304–305

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Christophersen J, Menne T, Tanghoj P, Andersen KE, Brandrup F, Kaaber K, Osmundsen PE, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Veien NK (1989) Clinical patch test data evaluated by multivariate analysis. Danish Contact Dermatitis Group. Contact Dermatitis 21:291–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Katsarma G, Gawkrodger DJ (1999) Suspected fragrance contact allergy requires extended patch testing to individual fragrance allergens. Contact Dermatitis 41:193–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Veien NK (1989) Systemically induced eczema in adults. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 147:1–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Niinimaki A (1995) Double-blind placebo-controlled peroral challenges in patients with delayed-type allergy to balsam of Peru. Contact Dermatitis 33:78–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Veien NK, Hattel T, Laurberg G (1996) Can oral challenge with balsam of Peru predict possible benefit from a lowbalsam diet? Am J Contact Dermat 7:84–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Johansen JD, Frosch PJ, Svedman C, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Pirker C, Menné T (2003) Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde — known as Lyral: quantitative aspects and risk assessment of an important fragrance allergen. Contact Dermatitis 48:310–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Rastogi SC, Heydorn S, Johansen JD, Basketter D (2001) Fragrance chemicals in domestic and occupational products. Contact Dermatitis 45:221–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Wallenhammar LM, Ortengren U, Andreasson H, Barregard L, Bjorkner B, Karlsson S, Wrangsjo K, Meding B (2000) Contact allergy and hand eczema in Swedish dentists. Contact Dermatitis 43:192–199

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Uter W, Schnuch A, Geier J, Pfahlberg A, Gefeller O; IVDK study group. Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (2001) Association between occupation and contact allergy to the fragrance mix: a multifactorial analysis of national surveillance data. Occup Environ Med 58:392–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Geier J, Lessmann, Schnuch A, Uter W (2004) Contact sensitization in metalworkers with occupational dermatitis exposed to water-based metalworking fluids: results of the research project “FaSt”. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 77:543–551

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Owen CM, August PJ, Beck MH (2000) Contact allergy to oak moss resin in a soluble oil. Contact Dermatitis 43:112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Pontén A, Björk J, Carstensen O, Gruvberger B, Isaksson M, Rasmussen K, Bruze M (2004) Associations between contact allergy to epoxy resin and fragrance mix. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 84:151–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Larsen WG (1987) Detection of allergic dermatitis to fragrances. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 134:83–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. de Groot AC, van der Kley AM, Bruynzeel DP, Meinardi MM, Smeenk G, van Joost T, Pavel S (1993) Frequency of false-negative reactions to the fragrance mix. Contact Dermatitis 28:139–140

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Frosch PJ, Pilz B, Burrows D, Camarasa JG, Lachapelle J-M, Lahti A, Menné T, Wilkinson JD (1995) Testing with fragrance mix. Is the addition of sorbitan sesquioleate to the constituents useful? Contact Dermatitis 32:266–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Johansen JD, Rastogi SC, Menné T (1996) Exposure to selected fragrance materials. A case study of fragrance-mixpositive eczema patients. Contact Dermatitis 34:106–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Johansen JD, Rastogi SC, Andersen KE, Menné T (1997) Content and reactivity to product perfumes in fragrance mix positive and negative eczema patients. A study of perfumes used in toiletries and skin-care products. Contact Dermatitis 36:291–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. de Groot AC, Coenraads PJ, Bruynzeel DP, Jagtman BA, van Ginkel CJ, Noz K, van der Valk PG, Pavel S, Vink J, Weyland JW (2000) Routine patch testing with fragrance chemicals in the Netherlands. Contact Dermatitis 42:184–185

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Geier J, Brasch J, Schnuch A, Lessmann H, Pirker C, Frosch PJ; For the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) and the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) (2002) Lyral has been included in the patch test standard series in Germany. Contact Dermatitis 46:295–297

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Roberts G (2002) Procedures for supplying fragrance information to dermatologists. Letter to the editor. Am J Contact Dermat 13:206–207

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Gimenez-Arnau A, Gimenez-Arnau E, Serra-Baldrich E, Lepoittevin JP, Camarasa JG (2002) Principles and methodology for identification of fragrance allergens in consumer products. Contact Dermatitis 47:345–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Arnau EG, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Frosch PJ, Johansen JD, Menné T, Rastogi SC, White IR, Lepoittevin JP (2000) Identification of Lilial as a fragrance sensitizer in a perfume by bioassay-guided chemical fractionation and structure-activity relationships. Contact Dermatitis 43:351–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Rastogi SC, Menné T (1996) Threshold responses in cinnamic-aldehyde-sensitive subjects: results and methodological aspects. Contact Dermatitis 34:165–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Johansen JD, Andersen KE, Menné T (1996) Quantitative aspects of isoeugenol contact allergy assessed by use and patch tests. Contact Dermatitis 34:414–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Scheinman PL (2001) Exposing covert fragrance chemicals. Am J Contact Dermat 12:225–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Scheinman PL (1999) The foul side of fragrance-free products: what every clinician should know about managing patients with fragrance allergy. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:1020–1024

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. European Communities (2004) Detergents directive 73/404/EEC of 22 Nov 1973, amended 2004

    Google Scholar 

  128. Safford RJ, Basketter DA, Allenby CF, Goodwin BF (1990) Immediate contact reactions to chemicals in the fragrance mix and a study of the quenching action of eugenol. Br J Dermatol 123:595–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Temesvari E, Nemeth I, Balo-Banga MJ, Husz S, Kohanka V, Somos Z, Judak R, Remenyik EVA, Szegedi A, Nebenführer L, Meszaros C, Horvath A (2002) Multicentre study of fragrance allergy in Hungary. Immediate and late type reactions. Contact Dermatitis 46:325–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Tanaka S, Matsumoto Y, Dlova N, Ostlere LS, Goldsmith PC, Rycroft RJG, Basketter DA, White IR, Banerjee P, McFadden JP (2004) Immediate contact reactions to fragrance mix constituents and Myroxylon pereirae resin. Contact Dermatitis 51:20–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Katsarou A, Armenaka M, Ale I, Koufou V, Kalogeromitros D (1999) Frequency of immediate reactions to the European standard series. Contact Dermatitis 41:276–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Kroon S (1979) Musk Ambrette, a new cosmetic sensitizer and photo sensitizer. Contact Dermatitis 5:337–338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Cronin E (1984) Photosensitivity to musk ambrette. Contact Dermatitis 11:88–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Darvay A, White IR, Rycroft RJ, Jones AB, Hawk JL, McFadden JP (2001) Photoallergic contact dermatitis is uncommon. Br J Dermatol 145:597–601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Cronin E (1980) Phototoxic reactions. Contact dermatitis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 417–432

    Google Scholar 

  136. Wang L, Sterling B, Don P (2002) Berloque dermatitis induced by “Florida water”. Cutis 70: 29–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Elberling J, Linneberg A, Dirksen A, Johansen JD, Frolund L, Madsen F, Nielsen NH, Mosbech H (2005) Mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products in a populationbased sample in relation to bronchial hyper-reactivity. Clin Exp Allergy 35:75–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Kumar P, Caradonna-Graham VM, Gupta S, Cai X, RAO PN, Thompson J (1995) Inhalation challenge effects of perfume scent strips in patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 75:429–433

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Millqvist E, Lowhagen O (1996) Placebo-controlled challenges with perfume in patients with asthma-like symptoms. Allergy 51:434–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Millqvist E, Bende M, Lowhagen O (1998) Sensory hyperreactivity — a possible mechanism underlying cough and asthma-like symptoms. Allergy 53:1208–1212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Elberling J, Linneberg A, Mosbech H, Dirksen A, Frolund L, Madsen F, Nielsen NH, Johansen JD (2004) A link between skin and airways regarding sensitivity to fragrance products? Br J Dermatol 151:1197–1203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. World Health Organization (1997) Criteria for classification of skin-and airway-sensitizing substances in the work and general environments. Flyvholm M (ed) EUR/ICP/EHPM 050201

    Google Scholar 

References

  1. Balzer W, Braun HJ, Chassot L, Clausen T (2001) Diaminopyrazoles: novel primary intermediates for hair dyeing formulations. Söfw J 127:12–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bonnevie P (1939) Aetiologie und pathogenese der Ekzemkrankheiten. Klinische Studien über die Ursachen der Ekzeme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Diagnostischen Wertes der Ekzemproben. Busch, Copenhagen/Barth, Leipzig, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sosted H, Hesse U, Menne T, Andersen KE, Johansen JD (2005) Contact dermatitis to hair dye in an adult Danish population — an interview based study. Br J Dermatol 153:132–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nohynek GJ, Fautz R, Benech-Kieffer F, Toutain H (2004) Toxicity and human health risk of hair dyes. Food Chem Toxicol 42:517–543

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sosted H, Agner T, Andersen KE, Menne T (2002) 55 cases of allergic reactions to hair dye: a descriptive, consumer complaint-based study. Contact Dermatitis 47: 299–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Uter W, Lessmann H, Geier J, Schnuch A (2003) Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and clients — an 8-year analysis of IVDK data. Contact Dermatitis 49:236–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cronin E (1980) Hair preparations. In: Cronin E (ed) Contact dermatitis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 115–126

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hsu TS, Davis MD, el Azhary R, Corbett JF, Gibson LE (2001) Beard dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine use in Arabic men. J Am Acad Dermatol 44:867–869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Frosch PJ, Burrows D, Camarasa JG, Dooms-Goossens A, Ducombs G, Lahti A, Menne T, Rycroft RJ, Shaw S, White IR et al. (1993) Allergic reactions to a hairdressers’ series: results from 9 European centres. The European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Contact Dermatitis 28:180–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Aguirre A, Zabala R, Sanz de Galdeano, Landa N, Diaz-Perez JL (1994) Positive patch tests to hydrogen peroxide in 2 cases. Contact Dermatitis 30:113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brancaccio R, Cohen DE (1995) Contact leukoderma secondary to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 32:313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sharma VK, Mandal SK, Sethuraman G, Bakshi NA (1999) Para-phenylenediamine-induced lichenoid eruptions. Contact Dermatitis 41:40–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tosti A, Bardazzi, F, Valeri F, Toni F (1987) Erythema multiforme with contact dermatitis to hair dyes. Contact Dermatitis 17:321–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Avnstorp C, Rastogi SC, Menné T (2002) Acute fingertip dermatitis from temporary tattoo and quantitative chemical analysis of the product. Contact Dermatitis 47:119–120

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Marcoux D, Couture-Trudel PM, Riboulet-Delmas G, Sasseville D (2002) Sensitization to para-phenylenediamine from a streetside temporary tattoo. Pediatr Dermatol 19:498–502

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sosted H, Menne T (2005) Allergy to 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylamino-phenol and 4-amino-3-nitrophenol in a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 52:317–319

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Koopmans AK, Bruynzeel DP (2003) Is PPD a useful screening agent? Contact Dermatitis 48:89–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sosted H, Basketter DA, Estrada E, Johansen JD, Patlewicz GY (2004) Ranking of hair dye substances according to predicted sensitization potency: quantitative structure-activity relationships. Contact Dermatitis 51:241–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Blanco R, de la Hoz B, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Sanchez-Cano M (1998) Allergy to 4-amino-3-nitrophenol in a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 39:136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ho SG, White IR, Rycroft RJ, McFadden JP (2004) A new approach to patch testing patients with para-phenylenediamine allergy secondary to temporary black henna tattoos. Contact Dermatitis 51:213–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Krasteva M, Cristaudo A, Hall B, Orton D, Rudzki E, Santucci B, Toutain H, Wilkinson J (2002) Contact sensitivity to hair dyes can be detected by the consumer open test. Eur J Dermatol 12:322–326

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pasche-Koo F, French L, Piletta-Zanin PA, Hauser C (1998) Contact urticaria and shock to hair dye. Allergy 53:904–905

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mavroleon G, Begishvili B, Frew AJ (1998) Anaphylaxis to hair dye: a case report. Clin Exp Allergy 28:121–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fukunaga T, Kawagoe R, Hozumi H, Kanzaki T (1996) Contact anaphylaxis due to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 35:185–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Belton AL, Chira T (1997) Fatal anaphylactic reaction to hair dye. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 18:290–292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Landsteiner J, Jacobs JL (1936) Studies on the sensitization of animals with simple chemical compounds. II. J Exp Med 64:625–629

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mayer RL (1954) Group-sensitization to compounds of quinone structure and its biochemical basis role of these substances in cancer. Prog Allergy 4:79–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Basketter DA, Liden C (1992) Further investigation into the prohapten concept: reactions to benzene derivatives in man. Contact Dermatitis 27:90–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lisi P, Hansel K (1998) Is benzoquinone the prohapten in cross-sensitivity among aminobenzene compounds? Contact Dermatitis 39:304–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Krasteva M, Nicolas J-F, Chabeau G, Garrigue JL, Bour H, Thivolet J, Schmitt D (1993) Dissociation of allergenic and immunogenic functions in contact sensitivity to para-phenylenediamine. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 102:200–204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. McFadden JP, Kullavanijaya P, Duangdeeden I, Fletcher S, Basketter DA (2005) p-Phenylenediamine allergy: the role of Bandrowski’s base. J Clin Immunol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kawakubo Y, Merk HF, Masaoudi TA, Sieben S, Blomeke B (2000) N-acetylation of paraphenylenediamine in human skin and keratinocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 292:150–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schnuch A, Westphal GA, Muller MM, Schulz TG, Geier J, Brasch J, Merk HF, Kawakubo Y, Richter G, Koch P, Fuchs T, Gutgesell T, Reich K, Gebhardt M, Becker D, Grabbe J, Szliska C, Aberer W, Hallier E (1998) Genotype and phenotype of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism in patients with contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 38:209–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Picardo M, Zompetta C, Grandinetti M, Ameglio F, Santucci B, Faggioni A, Passi S (1996) Paraphenylenediamine, a contact allergen, induces oxidative stress in normal human keratinocytes in culture. Br J Dermatol 134:681–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mathur AK, Gupta BN, Singh S, Singh A, Narang S (1992) Dermal toxicity of paraphenylenediamine. Biomed Environ Sci 5:321–324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yokozeki H, Watanabe K, Igawa K, Miyazaki Y, Katayama I, Nishioka K (2001) Gammadelta T cells assist alphabeta T cells in the adoptive transfer of contact hypersensitivity to para-phenylenediamine. Clin Exp Immunol 125:351–359

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sieben S, Kawakubo Y, Al Masaoudi T, Merk HF, Blomeke B (2002) Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to paraphenylenediamine is mediated by 2 different pathways of antigen recognition by specific alphabeta human T-cell clones. J Allergy Clin Immunol 109:1005–1011

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kligman A (1966) The identification of contact allergens by human assay. 3. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J Invest Dermatol 47:393–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Marzulli FN, Maibach HI (1974) The use of graded concentrations in studying skin sensitizers: experimental contact sensitization in man. Food Cosmet Toxicol 12:219–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Basketter DA, Scholes EW (1992) Comparison of the local lymph node assay with the guinea-pig maximization test for the detection of a range of contact allergens. Food Chem Toxicol 30:65–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Basketter DA, Gerberick GF (1996) An interlaboratory evaluation of the Buehler test for the identification and classification of skin sensitizers. Contact Dermatitis 35:146–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kimber I, Basketter DA, Berthold K, Butler M, Garrigue JL, Lea LJ, Newsome C, Roggeband R, Steiling W, Stropp G, Waterman S, Wiemann C (2001) Skin sensitization testing in potency and risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 59:198–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gerberick GF, Ryan CA, Kern PS, Dearman RJ, Kimber I, Patlewicz GY, Basketter DA (2004) A chemical dataset for the evaluation of alternative approaches to skin-sensitization testing. Contact Dermatitis 50:274–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Armstrong DK, Jones AB, Smith HR, Ross JS, White IR, Rycroft RJ, McFadden JP (1999) Occupational sensitization to p-phenylenediamine: a 17-year review. Contact Dermatitis 41:348–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Marks JG, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Fowler JF Jr, Fransway AF, Maibach HI, Mathias CG, Nethercott JR, Rietschel RL, Sherertz EF, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS (1998) North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 38:911–918

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sharma VK, Chakrabarti A (1998) Contact sensitizers in Chandigarh, India. A study of 200 patients with the European standard series. Contact Dermatitis 38:127–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Schnuch A, Uter W, Geier J, Gefeller O; IVDK study group (2002) Epidemiology of contact allergy: an estimation of morbidity employing the clinical epidemiology and drug-utilization research (CE-DUR) approach. Contact Dermatitis 47:32–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Schafer T, Bohler E, Ruhdorfer S, Weigl L, Wessner D, Filipiak B, Wichmann HE, Ring J (2001) Epidemiology of contact allergy in adults. Allergy 56:1192–1196 (Erratum: Allergy 57:178, 2002)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Basketter DA, Duangdeeden I, Gilmour NG, Kullavanijaya P, McFadden J (2004) Prevalence of contact allergy in an adult Thai population. Contact Dermatitis 50:128–129

    Google Scholar 

  50. Fautz R, Fuchs A, van der WH, Henny V, Smits L (2002) Hair dye-sensitized hairdressers: the cross-reaction pattern with new generation hair dyes. Contact Dermatitis 46:319–324

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Goon AT-J, Gilmour NJ, Basketter DA, White IR, Rycroft RJG, McFadden JP (2003) High frequency of simultaneous sensitivity to Disperse Orange 3 in patients with positive patch tests to para-phenylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis 48:248–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Seidenari S, Mantovani L, Manzini BM, Pignatti M (1997) Cross-sensitizations between azo dyes and para-amino compound. A study of 236 azo-dye-sensitive subjects. Contact Dermatitis 36:91–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Herve-Bazin B, Gradiski D, Duprat P, Marignac B, Foussereau J, Cavalier C, Bierber P (1977) Occupational eczema from N-isopropyl-N′-phenylparaphenylenediamine (IPPD) and N-dimethyl-1,3 butyl-N′-phenylparaphenylenediamine (DMPPD) in tyres. Contact Dermatitis 3:1–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ho SGY, Basketter DA, Jefferies D, Rycroft RJG, White IR, McFadden JP (2005) Analysis of para-phenylenediamine allergic patients in relation to strength of patch test reaction. Br J Dermatol 153:364–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Frosch PJ, Burrows D, Camarasa JG, Dooms-Goossens A, Ducombs G, Lahti A, Menne T, Rycroft RJ, Shaw S, White IR et al. (1993) Allergic reactions to a hairdressers’ series: results from 9 European centres. The European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Contact Dermatitis 28:180–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Uter W, Lessmann H, Geier J, Schnuch A (2003) Contact allergy to ingredients of hair cosmetics in female hairdressers and clients — an 8-year analysis of IVDK data. Contact Dermatitis 49:236–240

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Guerra L, Tosti A, Bardazzi F, Pigatto P, Lisi P, Santucci B, Valsecchi R, Schena D, Angelini G, Sertoli A et al. (1992) Contact dermatitis in hairdressers: the Italian experience. Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto e Ambientali. Contact Dermatitis 26:101–107

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Nettis E, Marcandrea M, Colanardi MC, Paradiso MT, Ferrannini A, Tursi A (2003) Results of standard series patch testing in patients with occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 58:1304–1307

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. European Communities (2004) Council directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to cosmetic products, annex III amended. European Communities Official Journal, L262

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sosted H, Rastogi SC, Andersen KE, Johansen JD, Menne T (2004) Hair dye contact allergy: quantitative exposure assessment of selected products and clinical cases. Contact Dermatitis 50:344–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Guerra L, Bardazzi F, Tosti A (1992) Contact dermatitis in hairdressers’ clients. Contact Dermatitis 26:108–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Vilaplana J, Romaguera C, Grimalt F (1991) Contact dermatitis from resorcinol in a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 24:151–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Garcia Ortiz JC, Terron M, Bellido J (1997) Contact allergy to henna. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114:298–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Perez RG, Gonzalez R, Gonzalez M, Soloeta R (2003) Palpebral eczema due to contact allergy to henna used as a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 48:238

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Nigam PK, Saxena AK (1988) Allergic contact dermatitis from henna. Contact Dermatitis 18:55–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Bolhaar ST, Mulder M, van Ginkel CJ (2001) IgE-mediated allergy to henna. Allergy 56:248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Majoie IM, Bruynzeel DP (1996) Occupational immediatetype hypersensitivity to henna in a hairdresser. Am J Contact Dermat 7:38–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Fisher AA, Dooms-Goossens A (1976) Persulfate hair bleach reactions. Cutaneous and respiratory manifestations. Arch Dermatol 112:1407–1409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Bowling JC, Scarisbrick J, Warin AP, Downs AM (2002) Allergic contact dermatitis from trideceth-2-carboxamide monoethanolamine (MEA) in a hair dye. Contact Dermatitis 47:116–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kligman AM (1966) The identification of contact allergens by human assay. II. Factors influencing the induction and measurement of allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 47:375–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Chan YC, Ng SK, Goh CL (2001) Positive patch-test reactions to para-phenylenediamine, their clinical relevance and the concept of clinical tolerance. Contact Dermatitis 45:217–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Edwards EK Jr, Edwards EK (1982) Allergic contact dermatitis to lead acetate in a hair dye. Cutis 30:629–630

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Johansen, J.D., Lepoittevin, JP., Basketter, D., McFadden, J., Søsted, H. (2006). Allergens of Special Interest. In: Frosch, P.J., Menné, T., Lepoittevin, JP. (eds) Contact Dermatitis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31301-X_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31301-X_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-24471-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31301-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics