Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Family Propionibacteriaceae: The Genus Propionibacterium

  • Firmicutes with High GC Content of DNA
  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Prokaryotes

The suborder Propionibacterineae is one of the ten suborders of the class Actinobacteria (Stackebrandt et al., 1997), containing the family Propionibacteriaceae Delwiche 1957, emend Rainey, Ward-Rainey and Stackebrandt 1997, with the genera Propionibacterium (Orla-Jensen, 1909), Luteococcus (Tamura et al., 1994), Microlunatus (Nakamura et al., 1995) and Propioniferax (Yokota et al., 1994). Recently, four new genera have been added to the family, i.e., Friedmanniella (Schumann et al., 1997), Tessaracoccus (Maszenan et al., 1999), Micropruina (Shintani et al., 2000) and Propionimicrobium (Stackebrandt et al., 2002; Table 1). Members of the Propionibacteriaceae genera are either aerobic or facultative anaerobic, exhibit different morphologies, peptidoglycan types and variations, and have a wide range of DNA G+C content (53–73 mol%); however, with respect to chemotaxonomic properties (such as the pattern of polyamines [Busse and Schumann, 1999], major menaquinones, and fatty acids), they...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 700.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literature Cited

  • Allen, S. H. G., R. W. Kellermeyer, R. L. Stjernholm, and H. G. Wood. 1964 Purification and properties of enzymes involved in the propionic acid fermentation J. Bacteriol. 87 171–187

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, S. H. G., and B. A. Linehan. 1977 Presence of transcarboxylase in Arachnia propionica Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 27 291–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, A. 1987 Identification and differentiation of propionibacteria by electrophoresis of their proteins Milchwissenschaft 41 431–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Barazi, S. A., K. K. Gnanalingham, I. Chopra, and J. R. van Dellen. 1995 Delayed postoperative intracerebral abscee caused by Propionibacterium acnes: Case report and review of the literature Br. J. Neurosurg. 17 336–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Shushan, G., V. Zakin, and N. Gollop. 2003 Two different propiocins produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P-127 Peptides 24 1733–1740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, K. A., M. Bellefeuille, and E. P. Ewan. 1991 Cellular fatty acid composition as an adjunct to the identification of asporogenous, aerobic Gram-positive rods J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 83–89

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, K. A., L. Shuttleworth, C. Munro, J. C. Forbes-Faulkner, D. Pitt, J. H. Norton, and A. D. Thomas. 2002 Propionibacterium australiense sp. nov. derived from granulomatous bovine lesions Anaerobe 8 41–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beuth, J., H. L. Ko, G. Uhlenbruck, and G. Pulverer. 1987 Combined immunostimulation (Propionibacterium avidum KP 40) and anticoagulation(heparin) prevents metastatic lung and liver colonization in mice J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 113 359–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breed, R. S., E. G. D. Murray, and N. R. Smith. 1957 Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD 569–576

    Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, P., and C. E. Ballou. 1968 Phosphatidylmyoinositol monomannoside in Propionibacterium shermanii Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 30 69–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, D. W., L. K. George, J. M. Brown, and M. D. Hicklin. 1973 Actinomycosis caused by Arachnia propionica Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 59 66–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brook, I., and E. Frazier. 1991 Infections caused by Propionibacterium species Rev. Infect. Dis. 13 819–822

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Busse, H. J., and P. Schumann. 1999 Polyamine profiles within genera of the class Actinobacteria with LL-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49 179–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cancho, F. G., M. Nosti Vega, M. Fernandez Diaz, and N. J. Y. Buzcu. 1970 Especies de Propionibacterium relacionades con la zapateria: Factores que influyen en su desarrollo Microbiol. Esp. 23 233–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Cancho, F. G., L. R. Navarro, and R. de la Borbolla, Y. Alcala. 1980 La formacion de acido propionico durante la concervacion de las aceitunas verdes de mesa III. Microorganismos responsables Grases Aceites 31 245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavallaro, J. J., L. S. Wiggs, and J. M. Miller. 1997 Evaluation of the BBL Crystal Anaerobic identification system J. Clin. Microbiol. 35 3186–3191

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Celig, D. M., and P. C. Schreckenberger. 1991 Clinical evaluation of the PapID-AnaII panel for identification of anaerobic bacteria J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 457–462

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Charfreitag, O., M. D. Collins, and E. Stackebrandt. 1988 Reclassification of Arachnia propionica as Propionibacterium propionicus Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38 354–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charfreitag, O., and E. Stackebrandt. 1989 Inter-and intrageneric relationships of the genus Propionibacterium as determined by 16S rRNA sequences J. Gen. Microbiol. 135 2065–2070

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Csukas, Z., B. Banizs, and F. Rozgonyi. 2004 Studies on the cytotoxic effects of Propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from cornea Microb. Pathog. 36 171–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and J. L. Johnson. 1971 Taxonomy of the clostridia: wall composition and DNA homologies in Clostridium butyricum and other butyric acid-producing clostridia J. Gen. Microbiol. 67 33–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and J. L. Johnson. 1974 Corynebacterium parvum: a synonym for Propionibacterium acnes J. Gen. Microbiol. 80 433–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S. 1975 Identification of Propionibacterium acnes and related organisms by precipitation tests with trichloroacetic acid extracts J. Clin. Microbiol. 2 104–110

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and R. H. White. 1983 Isolation, identification and synthesis of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid: a component of Propionibacterium acnes cell wall polysaccharide J. Bacteriol. 153 1388–1393

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S. 1984 Corynebacterium parvum and its fractions In: R. L. Fenichel and M. A. Chirigos (Eds.) Immune Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms Marcel Dekker New York NY 163–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S. 1985 Distribution of 2,3-diaminohexuronic acid in strains of Propionibacterium and other bacteria Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35 411–416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and J. L. Johnson. 1986 Genus 1. Propionibacterium Orla-Jensen 1909, 337AL In: P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe, and J. G. Holt (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD 2 1346–1353

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and C. W. Moss. 1990 Fatty acid composition of Propionibacterium propionicum (Arachnia propionicus) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30 307–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, C. S., and J. L. Johnson. 1991 The genus Propionibacterium In: A. Balows, H. G. TrÜper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (Eds.) The Prokaryotes Springer-Verlag New York NY 834–849

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasen, G., J. Smutny, M. Teuber, and L. Meile. 1998 Classification and identification of propionibacteria based on ribosomal RNA genes and PCR Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21 251–259

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Carvalho, A. F., M. Gautier, and F. Grimont. 1994 Identification of diary Propionibacterium species by rRNA gene restriction patterns Res. Microbiol. 145 667–676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dekio, S., K. Hashimoto, and M. Makino. 1989 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins from Propionibacterium acnes and granulosum Zbl. Bakteriol. 271 442–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delwiche, E. A. 1949 Vitamin requirements of the genus Propionibacterium J. Bacteriol. 58 395–398

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Demeter, K. J., and A. Janoschek. 1941 Vorkommen und Entwicklung der Propionsaurebakterien in verschiedenen Kasearten Zbl Bakteriol., Abt. 2 103 257–271

    Google Scholar 

  • De Soete, G. 1983 A least square algorithm for fitting additive trees to proximity data Psychometrika 48 621–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinsmore, R. P., M. B. Cattell, R. D. Stevens, C. S. Gabel, M. D. Salman, and J. K. Collins. 1995 Efficacy of a Propionibacterium acnes immunostimulant for treatment of chronic Staphylococcus aureus mastitis J. Dairy Sci. 78 1932–1936

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, H. C., and S. E. Gunter. 1946 The taxonomic position of Corynebacterium acnes J. Bacteriol. 52 15–23

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Eady, E. A., and E. Ingham. 1994 Propionibacterium acnes: friend or foe? Rev. Med. Microbiol. 5 163–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eady, E. A., R. A. Bojar, C. E. Jones, J. H. Cove, K. T. Holland, and W. J. Cunliffe. 1996 The effects of acne treatment with a combination of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin on skin carriage of erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria Br. J. Dermatol. 134 107–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edminston, C. E. 1991 Arachnia and Propionibacterium: Casual commensals of opportunistic diphtheroids Clin. Microbiol. Newsl. 12 57–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. A., W. M. Smith, E. A. Johnson, and E. R. Giblett. 1950 Bacterial flora of the normal human skin J. Inv. Dermatol. 15 305–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. A., and R. J. Stevens. 1976 Differential quantitation of surface and subsurface bacteria of normal skin by the combined use of the cotton swab and scrub methods J. Clin. Microbiol. 3 576–581

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Faye, T., T. Langsrud, I. F. Nes, and H. Holo. 2000 Biochemical and genetic characterization of propionicin T1, a new bacteriocin from Propionibacterium thoenii Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 4230–4236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Faye, T., D. A. Brede, T. Langsrud, I. F. Nes, and H. Holo. 2002 An antimicrobial peptide is produced by extracelluar processing of a protein from Propionibacterium jensenii J. Bacteriol. 184 3649–3656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Felner, J. M., and V. R. Dowell. 1970 Anaerobic bacterial endocarditis N. Engl. J. Med. 283 1188–1192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, D. A., and C. S. Cummins. 1978 Nutritional requirements of anaerobic coryneforms J. Bacteriol. 135 858–867

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fitz, A. 1878 Über Spaltpilzgährungen Ber. Deutsch. Chemisch. Ges. 11 1890–1899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitz, A. 1879 Über Spaltpilzgährungen Ber. Deutsch. Chemisch. Ges. 12 474–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funke, G., A. von Graevenitz, J. E. Clarridge, III., and K. A. Bernard. 1997a Clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10 125–159

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Funke, G., F. N. Renaud, J. Freney, and P. Roegel. 1997b Multicenter evaluation of the updated and extended API (Rapid) Coryne Database 2.0 J. Clin. Microbiol. 35 3122–3126

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Galesloot, T. E. 1957 Involved van Nisine op die Bacterien Welka Betrokken Zinj of Kunnen Zijn bij bacteriologische Processen in Kaas en Smeltkaas Netherl. Milk Dairy J. 11 58–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gauthier, M., A. de Carvalho, and A. Rouault. 1996 DNA fingerprinting of diary propionibacteria strains by pulsed field electrophoresis Curr. Microbiol. 32 17–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerencser, M. A., and J. M. Slack. 1967 Isolation and identification of Actinomyces propionicus J. Bacteriol. 94 109–115

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gollop, N., D. Toubia, G. B. Shushan, and V. Zakin. 2003 High production system of the antibacterial peptide PLG-1 Biotechnol. Progr. 19 436–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodacre, R., M. J. Neal, L. W. Kell, W. C. Nobel, and R. G. Harvey. 1994 Rapid identification using pyrolysis mass spectrometry and artificial neural networks of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from dogs J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76 124–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodacre, R., S. A. Howell, W. C. Noble, and M. J. Neal. 1996 Sub-species discrimination, using pyrolysis mass spectrometry and self-organising neural networks of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from normal human skin Zbl. Bakteriol. 284 501–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greisen, K., M. Loeffelholz, A. Purohit, and D. Leong. 1994 PCR primers and probes for the 16S rRNA gene of most species of pathogenic bacteria, including bacteria found in cerebrospinal fluid J. Clin. Microbiol. 32 335–351

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grimont, F., and P. A. D. Grimont. 1986 Ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene restriction patterns as potential taxonomic tools Ann. Inst. Pasteur/Microbiol. 137B 165–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, C. S., D. A. Ferguson, and C. S. Cummins. 1978 Electrophoretic protein patterns and enzyme mobilities in anaerobic coryneforms Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35 1102–1108

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, V., T. Lewis-Ewans, and B. I. Duerden. 2001 Identification of Actinomyces, propionibacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria by amplified 16S DNA restriction analysis Anaerobe 7 55–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B. N., G. Biozzi, C. Stiffel, and D. Mouton. 1966 Inhibition of tumor growth by administration of killed Corynebacterium parvum Nature 212 853–854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, S., and C. Furusaka. 1980 Enrichment of Propionibacterium in paddy soils by addition of various organic substances Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 46 313–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hettinga, D. H., E. Vedamuthu, and G. W. Reinbold. 1968 Pouch method for isolating and enumerating propionibacteria J. Dairy Sci. 51 1707–1709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hettinga, D. H., and G. W. Reinbold. 1972a The propionic acid bacteriaa review. I: Growth J. Milk Food Technol. 35 295–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hettinga, D. H., and G. W. Reinbold. 1972b The propionic acid bacteria—a review. II: Metabolism J. Milk Food Technol. 35 358–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hettinga, D. H., and G. W. Reinbold. 1972c The propionic acid bacteria—a review. III: Miscellaneous metabolic activities J. Milk Food Technol. 35 436–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higaki, S., T. Kitagawa, M. Kagoura, M. Morohashi, and T. Yamagishi. 2000 Correlation between Propionibacterium acnes biotypes, lipase activity and rash degree in acne patients J. Dermatol. 27 519–522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higaki, S., M. Nakamura, T. Kitagawa, M. Morohashi, and T. Yamagishi. 2001 Effect of lipase activities of Propionibacterum granulosum and Propionibacterium acnes Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 27 161–164

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchner, E. R. 1932 A cultural study of the propionic acid bacteria J. Bacteriol. 23 40–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoeffler, V. 1977 Enzymatic and hemolytic properties of Propionibacterium acnes and related bacteria J. Clin. Microbiol. 6 555–558

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holdeman, L. V., E. P. Cato, and W. E. C. Moore. 1977 Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, K., and V. Forsum. 1973 Identification of Actinomyces, Arachnia, Bacterionema, Rothia, and Propionibacterium species by defined immunofluorescence Appl. Microbiol. 25 834–843

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, A., and L. Pine. 1956 Studies on the growth of species of Actinomyces. I: Cultivation in a synthetic medium with starch J. Bacteriol. 71 47–53

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hykin, P. G., K. Tobal, G. McIntyre, M. M. Matheson, H. M. A. Towler, and S. L. Lightman. 1994 The diagnosis of delayed post-operative endophthalmitis by polymerase chain reaction of bacterial DNA in vitreous samples J. Med. Microbiol. 40 408–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isawa, K., K. Hojo, N. Yoda, T. Kamiyama, S. Makino, M. Saito, H. Sugano, C. Mizoguchi, S. Kurama, M. Shibasaji, and Y. Sato. 2002 Isolation and identification of a new bifidogenic growth stimulator produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66 679–681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoschek, A. 1944 Zur Systematik der Propionsäurebakterien Zbl Bakteriol., Abt. 2 106 321–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, J. K., W. J. Harper, and P. D. Courtney. 2002 Genetic diversity in Swiss cheese starter cultures assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and arbitrary primed PCR Lett. App. Microbiol. 35 423–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. L., and C. S. Cummins. 1972 Cell wall composition and deoxyribonucleic acid similarities among the anaerobic coryneforms, classifical propionibacteria and strais of Arachnia propionica J. Bacteriol. 109 1047–1066

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jong, E. C., H. L. Ko, and G. Pulverer. 1975 Studies on bacteriophages of Propionibacterium acnes Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 161 263–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, T., H. Mori, M. Iwata, and S. Meguro. 1994 Growth stimulator for bifidobacteria produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii and several intestinal bacteria J. Dairy Sci. 77 393–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, H., O. Inoue, Y. Koga, M. Shingu, T. Fujimoto, M. Kondo, S. Yamomoto, K. Tominga, and Y. Sasaguri. 1983 Variant strain of Propionibacterium acnes: A clue to the aetiology of Kawasaki disease Lancet ii 1383–1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann. P., A. Pfefferkorn, M. Teuber, and L. Meile. 1997 Identification and quantification of Bifidobacterium species isolated from food with genus-specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes by colony hybridization and PCR Appl. Environ Microbiol. 63 1268–1273

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kishishita, M., T. Ushuijima, Y. Ozaki, and Y. Ito. 1980 New medium for isolating propionibacteria and its application to assay of normal flora of human facial skin Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40 1100–1105

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Koussémon, M., Y. Combet-Blanc, B. K. C. Patel, J.-L. Cayol, P. Thomas, J.-L. Garcia, and B. Ollivier. 2001 Propionibacterium microaerophilum sp. nov., a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from olive mill wastewater Curr. Microbiol 46 141–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurmann, J. 1960 Ein vollsynthetischer Nährboden fur Propionsäurebakterien Pathologia et Microbiologia 23 700–711

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kusano, K., H. Yamada, M. Niwa, and K. Yamasoto. 1997 Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum sp. nov., a new acid-tolerant ω-cyclohexyl fatty acid.containing Propionibacterium isolated from spoiled orange juice Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47 825–831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langsrud, T., and G. W. Reinbold. 1973a Flavor development and microbiology of swiss cheese. I: Milk quality and treatments J. Milk Food Technol. 36 487–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langsrud, T., and G. W. Reinbold. 1973b Flavor development and microbiology of swiss cheese. II: Starters, manufacturing processes and procedures J. Milk Food Technol. 36 531–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langsrud, T., and G. W. Reinbold. 1973c Flavor development and microbiology of swiss cheese. III: Ripening and flavor production J. Milk Food Technol. 36 593–609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langsrud, T., and G. W. Reinbold. 1973d Flavor development and microbiology of swiss cheese. IV: Defects J. Milk Food Technol. 37 26–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Looney, W. J., A. J. Galusser, and H. K. Modde. 1990 Evaluation of the ATB 32 A system for identification of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimen J. Clin. Microbiol. 28 1519–1524

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, E. D., and T. W. Hastings. 1911 The isolation and growth of the acne bacillus J. Cutan. Dis. 29 80–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, W. J., and B. A. Glatz. 1993 Isolation and purification of propionicin PLG-1, a bacteriocin produced by a strain of Propionibacterium thoenii Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 83–88

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maiden, M. F. J., A. Tanner, and P. J. Macuch. 1996 Rapid characterization of periodontal bacterial isolates by using fluorogenic substrate tests J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 376–384

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, A. C., G. W. Reinbold, and E. R. Vedamuthu. 1968 An evaluation of the taxonomy of Propionibacterium Can. J. Microbiol. 14 1185–1191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markowska-Daniel, I., Z. Pejsak, S. Szmigielski, G. Sokolska, J. Jeljaszewicz, and G. Pulverer. 1992 Adjuvant properties of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in vaccination against endemic viral and bacterial infections. II: Swine immunized with inactivated Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccine and experimentally infected with different virulent serotypes of H. pleuropneumoniae Zbl Bakteriol. 277 538–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markowska-Daniel, I., Z. Pejsak, S. Szmigielski, J. Jeljaszewicz, and G. Pulverer. 1993a Prophylactic application of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in swine with acute experimental infections. I: Viral infections—Aujeszky’s disease and classical swine fever Deutsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 100 149–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markowska-Daniel, I., Z. Pejsak, S. Szmigielski, J. Jeljaszewicz, and G. Pulverer. 1993b Prophylactic application of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in swine with acute experimental infections. II: Bacterial infections: pleuropneumonia and swine erysipelas Deutsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 100 185–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marples, R. R. 1974 The microflora of the face and acne lesions J. Inv. Dermatol. 62 326–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maszenan, A. M., R. J. Seviour, B. K. C. Patel, P. Schumann, and G. N. Rees. 1999 Tessarococcus bendigoensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive coccus occurring in regular packages or tetrads, isolated from activated sludge Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49 459–468

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGinley, K. J., G. F. Webster, and J. J. Leyden. 1978 Regional variation of cutaneous propionibacteria Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35 62–66

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Merilaeinen, V., and M. Antila. 1976 The propionic acid bacteria in Finnish Emmenthal cheese Meijeritieellinen Aikakauskirja, Helsinki 34 107–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Miescher, S., M. P. Stierli, M. Teuber, and L. Meile. 2000 Propiocin SM1, a bacteriocin from Prpionibacterium jensenii DF1: Isolation and characterisation of the protein and its gene Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 23 174–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, W. E. C., and E. P. Cato. 1963 Validity of Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist) Douglas and Gunter comb. nov J. Bacteriol. 85 870–874

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, W. E. C., and L. V. Holdeman. 1974 Propionibacterium In: R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD 633–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Mordarska, H., and M. Pasciak. 1994 A simple method for differentiation of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium propionicum FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 123 325–329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, H., Y. Sato, N. Takemoto, T. Kamiyama, Y. Yoshiyama, S. Meguro, H. Sato, and T. Kaneko. 2000 Isolation and structural identification of bifidogenic growth stimulator produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii J. Dairy Sci. 80 1959–1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, C. W., V. R. Dowell Jr., D. Farshtchi, L. J. Raines, and W. B. Cherry. 1969 Cultural characteristics and fatty acid composition of propionibacteria J. Bacteriol. 97 561–570

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, K., A. Hiraishi, Y. Yoshimi, M. Kawaharasaki, K. Masuda, and Y. Kamagata. 1995 Microlunatus phosphovorus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45 17–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niederau, W., W. Pape, K. P. Schaal, V. Hoffler, and G. Pulverer. 1982 Zur Antibiotikehandlung der menschlichen Aktinomykosen Deutsch. Med. Wochenschr. 107 1279–1283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordstrom, K. M. 1985 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of whole cell proteins of cutaneous Propionibacterium species J. Med. Microbiol. 19 9–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orla-Jensen, S. 1909 Die Hauptlinien des natÜrlichen Bakteriensystems Zb. Bakteriol., Abt. 2 22 305–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Paster, B. J., W. A. Falkner Jr., C. O. Enwonwu, E. O. Ideigbe, K. O. Savage, V. A. Levanos, M. A. Tamer, R. L. Ericson, C. N. Lau, and F. E. Dewhirst. 2002 Prevalent bacterial species and novel phylotypes in advanced noma lesions J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 2187–2191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pechere, M., J. C. Pechere, G. Siegenthaler, L. Germanier, and J. H. Saurat. 1999 Antibacterial activity of retinaldehyde against Propionibacterium acnes Dermatology 199 29–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, A. L., T. Worthington, A. C. Hilton, P. A. Lambert, A. J. Stirling, and T. S. J. Elliott. 2003 Analysis of clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes by optimised RAPD FEMS Microbiol Lett. 228 51–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher, D. G., and M. D. Collins. 1991 Phylogenetic analysis of some LL-diamino acid-containing coryneform bacteria from human skin: Description of Propionibacterium innocuum sp. nov FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 84 295–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plastourgos, S., and R. H. Vaughn. 1957 Species of Propionibacterium associated with Zapateria spoilage of olives Appl. Microbiol. 5 262–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Pochi, P. E., and J. S. Strauss. 1961 Antibiotic sensitivity of Corynebacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) J. Inv. Dermatol. 36 423–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prévot, A.-R., and H. Thouvenot. 1961 Essai de lysotypie des Corynebacterium anaerobies Ann. Inst. Pasteur 101 966–970

    Google Scholar 

  • Prevot, A.-R., and V. Fredette. 1966 Manual for the Classification and Determination of the Anaerobic Bacteria Lea & Febiger Philadelphia PA 345–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Prottey, C., and C. E. Ballou. 1968 Diacyl myoinositol monomannoside from Propionibacterium shermanii J. Biol. Chem. 243 6196–6201

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, M. S., G. W. Reinbold, and F. D. Williams. 1973a Inhibition of propionibacteria by antibiotic and antimicrobial agents J. Milk Food Technol. 36 564–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, M. S., F. D. Williams, and G. W. Reinbold. 1973b Sulfonamide resistance of propionibacteria: Nutrition and transport Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 4 254–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Riedel, K. H. J., B. D. Wingfield, and T. J. Britz. 1994 Justification of the “classical” Propionibacterium species concept by restriction analysis of the 16S ribosomal RN genes Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17 536–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riedel, K. H., B. D. Wingfield, and T. J. Britz. 1998 Identification of classical Propionibacterium species using 16S rDNA-restriction fragment length polymorphisms Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21 419–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogosa, M., C. S. Cummins, R. A. Lelliott, and R. M. Keddie. 1974 The coryneform group of bacteria In: R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD 599–617

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolph, H. J., A. Lennon, M. P. Riggio, W. P. Saunders, D. MacKenzie, L. Coldero, and J. Bagg. 2001 Molecular identification of microorganisms from endodontic infections J. Clin. Microbiol. 29 3282–3289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, F., S. Torriani, and F. Dellaglio. 1998 Identification and clustering of dairy propionibacteria by RAPD-PCR and CGE-REA methods J. Appl. Microbiol. 85 956–964

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, F., S. Torriani, and F. Dellaglio. 1999 Genus-and species-specific PCR-based detection of dairy propionibacteria in environmental samples by using primers targeted to the genes encoding 16S rRNA Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 4241–4244

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Russel, R. J., R. J. McInroy, P. C. Wilkison, and R. G. White. 1976 A lipid chemotactic factor from anaerobic coryneform bacteria and monocytes Immunology 30 935–949

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabouraud, R. 1897 La seborrhée grasse et la pélade Ann. Inst. Pasteur 11 134–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakaguchi, K., M. Iwaski, and S. Yamado. 1941 Studies on the propionic acid fermentation J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan 17 127–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaal, K. P., and W. Pape. 1980 Special methodological problems in antibiotic testing of fermentative actinomyces Infection 8 (Suppl. 2) 176–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaal, K. P., and G. Pulverer. 1981 The genera Actinomyces, Agromyces, Arachnia, Bacterionema, and Rothia In: M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. TrÜper, A. Balows, and H. G. Schlegel (Eds.) The Prokaryotes Springer-Verlag Berlin Germany 1923–1950

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaal, K. P. 1986 The genus Arachnia In: P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharp, and J. G. Holt (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD 1332–1342

    Google Scholar 

  • Schleifer, K.-H., and O. Kandler. 1972 Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications Bacteriol. Rev. 36 407–477

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schofield, G. M., and K. P. Schaal. 1981 A numerical taxonomic study of members of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa J. Gen. Microbiol. 127 237–259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann, P., H. Prauser, F. A. Rainey, E. Stackebrandt, and P. Hirsch. 1997 Friedmanniella antarctica gen. nov., spec. nov., an LL-diaminopimelic acid-containing actinomycete from Antarctic sandstone Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47 278–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwenninger, S. M., and L. Meile. 2004 A mixed culture of Propionibacterium jensenii and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei inhibits food spoilage yeasts Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27 229–237

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, R. H., and J. M. Sherman. 1923 The production of volatile fatty acids and carbon dioxide by propionic acid bacteria with special reference to their action in cheese J. Dairy Sci. 6 303–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, J. M. 1921 The cause of eyes and characteristic flavor in Emmental or Swiss cheese J. Bacteriol. 6 379–392

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, J. M., and R. H. Shaw. 1923 The propionic acid fermentation of lactose J. Biol. Chem. 56 695–700

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shintani, T., W.-T. Liu, S. Hanada, Y. Kamagata, S. Miyaoka, T. Suzuki, and K. Nakamura. 2000 Micropruina glycogenica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive glycogen-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge Int. J. Syst. Evol. Mocrobiol. 50 201–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siqueira, J. F., and I. N. Rocas. 2003 Polymerase chain reaction detection of Propionibacterium propionicum and Actinomyces radicidentis in primary and persistent endodontic infections Oral Surg. Oral Med. Pathol. Radiol. Endod. 96 215–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skogen, L. O. 1970 [MS thesis] Iowa State University Ames IA

    Google Scholar 

  • Skogen, L. O., G. W. Reinbold, and E. R. Vedamuthu. 1974 Capsulation of Propionibacterium J. Milk Food Technol. 37 314–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slack, J. M., and M. A. Gerencser. 1975 Actinomyces, Filamentous Bacteria: Biology and Pathogenicity Burgess Publishing Minneapolis MN 65–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt, E., and C. R. Woese. 1981 Towards a phylogeny of actinomycetes and related organisms Curr. Microbiol. 5 131–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt, E., F. A. Rainey, and N. Ward-Rainey. 1997 Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47 479–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt, E., P. Schumann, K. P. Schaal, and N. Weiss. 2002 Propionimicrobium gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate Propionibacterium lymphophilum (Torrey 1916) Johnson and Cummins 1972, 1057AL as Propionimicrobium lymphophilum comb. nov Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 52 1609–1614

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunde, P. T., L. Tronstad, E. R. Eribe, P. O. Lind, and I. Olsen. 2000 Assessment of periradicular microbiota by DNA-DNA hybridization Endod. Dent. Traumatol. 16 191–196

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tammelin, A., A. Hambraeus, and E. Stahle. 2002 Mediastinitis after cardia surgery: improvement of bacteriological diagnosis by use of multiple tissue sample and strain typing J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 2936–2941

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura, T., M. Takeuchi, and A. Yokota. 1994 Luteococcus japonicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive coccus with LL-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44 348–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thöni, J., and O. Allemann. 1910 Über das vorkommen von gefarbten, makroskopischen Bakterienkolonien in Emmentalerkäsen Zb. Bakteriol., Abt. 2 25 8–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrey, J. C. 1916 Bacteria associated with certain types of abnormal lymph glands J. Med. Res. 34 65–80

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Troili-Petersson, G. 1904 Studien Über die Mikroorganismen des schwedischen GÜterkäses Zbl. Bakteriol., Abt. 2 11 120–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Unna, P. J. 1893 Die Histopathologie der Hautkrankheiten A. Hirschwald Berlin Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Niel, C. B. 1928 The Propionic Acid Bacteria J. W. Boissevain Haarlem The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Niel, C. B. 1957 The genus Propionibacterium In: R. S. Breed, E. G. D. Murray, and N. R. Smith (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed Williams & Wilkins Baltimore MD pp. 569–576

    Google Scholar 

  • Vedamuthu, E. R., and G. W. Reinbold. 1967 The use of candle oats jar incubation for the enumeration, characterization and taxonomic study of propionibacteria Milchwissenschaft 22 428–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Freudenreich, E., and S. Orla-Jensen. 1906 Über die im Emmentalerkase statfindene Propionsauregarung Zbl. Bakteriol., Abt. 2 17 529–546

    Google Scholar 

  • Vorob’eva, L. I., T. P. Turova, N. I. Kraeva, and M. A. Alekseeva. 1983 Propionic acid cocci and their systematic position (English translation) Mikrobiologia 52 368–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, G. F., and C. S. Cummins. 1978 Use of bacteriophage typing to distinguish Propionibacterium acnes types 1 & 2 J. Clin. Microbiol. 7 84–90

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Werkman, C. H., and S. E. Kendall. 1931 The propionic acid bacteria. I: Classification and nomenclature Iowa State Journal of Science 6 17–32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werkman, C. H., and R. W. Brown. 1933 The propionic acid bacteria. II: Classification J. Bacteriol. 26 393–417

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, P., and A. M. Kligman. 1965 A new method for the quantitative investigation of cutaneous bacteria J. Inv. Dermatol. 45 498–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W. R., W. J. Martin, C. J. Wilkowske, and J. A. Washington, 2nd. 1972 Anaerobic bacteremia Mayo Clin. Proc. 47 639–646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, S., and M. Fröhlich. 1957 PrÜfung des Einflusses von Nisin auf die wichtigsten Reifungserreger beim Emmentalerkäse Milchwiss. Ber. 7 125–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, H. G., A. A. Anderson, and C. H. Werkman. 1938 Nutrition of the propionic acid bacteria J. Bacteriol. 36 201–214

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff, M. F. A., and J. L. Boak. 1966 Inhibitory effect of injection of Corynebacterium parvum on the growth of tumor transplants in isogenic hosts Br. J. Cancer. 20 345–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yocum, R. C., J. McArthur, B. G. Petty, A. M. Diehl, and T. R. Moench. 1982 Septic arthritis caused by Propionibacterium acnes J. Am. Med. Assoc. 248 1740–1741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokota, A., T. Tamura, N., Weiss, and E. Stackebrandt. 1994 Transfer of Propionibacterium innocuum Pitcher and Collins 1992 to Propioniferax gen. nov. as Propioniferax innocuum comb. nov Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44 579–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zierdt, C. H., C. Webster, and W. S. Rude. 1968 Study of the anaerobic corynebacteria Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 18 33–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Erko Stackebrandt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cecil S. Cummins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. John L. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag

About this entry

Cite this entry

Stackebrandt, E., Cummins, C.S., Johnson, J.L. (2006). Family Propionibacteriaceae: The Genus Propionibacterium. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30743-5_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation