Abstract
Canadian and French university teams have joined efforts in carrying out an experimental and theoretical study of the dissolution behavior of the hard-alpha inclusion in liquid titanium alloys. Synthetic hard-alpha dense particles of up to 6 wt pct nitrogen and nitrided sponge of up to 15 wt pct nitrogen were partially dissolved in a titanium or a titanium alloy bath. The metallographic examinations and microprobe analysis show that the dissolution process is always controlled by the outward diffusion of nitrogen into the bath through an external layer of beta phase. The growth of this beta phase layer depends on the velocity of liquid flow in the bath and can lead to an initial increase in the inclusion size. For porous particles, the diffusion of nitrogen from the pellet matrix to the infiltrations gradually leads to a partial densification of the inclusion. A numerical representation of the dissolution problem was developed, including the transient diffusion of nitrogen through intermediate solid phases. The comparison is good between the numerical simulations, the experimental measurements, and the dissolution kinetics given in the literature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.E. Shamblen: Technical Information Series Report No. R89AERB141, GEAE, Cincinnati, OH, 1989.
R.G. Reddy: Proc. EBMR—State of the Art, R. Bakish, ed., Reno, NV, 1988, pp. 119–27.
F. Schwartz: Technical Report YKOG No. 3028/93, SNECMA, Paris, France, 1993, pp. 2–7.
A. Mitchell: Final Report to General Electric Corp., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Sept. 1984, pp. 10–29.
A. Guillou, J.P. Bars, E. Etchessahar, J. Debuigne, and D. Charquet: Proc. 6th World Conf. on Titanium, Cannes, France, 1988, pp. 697–99.
J.L. Henry, S.D. Hill, J.L. Schaller, and T.T. Campbell: Metall. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 1859–64.
A. Mitchell and D.W. Tripp: Proc. 7th World Conf. of Titanium, San Diego, CA, 1992, pp. 2257–64.
C.E. Shamblen and G.B. Hunter: Technical Information Series Report No. R86AERA115, GEAE, Cincinnati, OH, 1986.
L.A. Bertram and F.J. Zanner: Proc. Modeling of Casting and Welding Processes, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1980, vol. 3, pp. 246–55.
R.N. Jarret, S.H. Reichman, and R.G. Broadwell: Proc. 6th World Conf. on Titanium, Cannes, France, 1988, pp. 593–98.
M. Hansen and K. Anderko: in Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering Series—Constitution of Binary Alloys, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, pp. 989–91.
W.E. Ranz and W.R. Marshall: Chem. Eng. Progr., 1952, vol. 48, pp. 141–46.
E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt: Proc. Dimeta—82, Tihany, Hungary, 1982, pp. 229–30.
R.J. Wasilewski and H. Kehl: J. Inst. Met., 1955, vol. 83, p. 94.
A. Pasturel: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., 1991, vol. 186, p. 107.
F.J.J. van Loo: Progr. Solid State Chem., 1990, vol. 20, pp. 47–99.
J.L. Henry, S.D. Hill, and W.E. Anable: United States Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. RI7933, Government Printing Office 1974.
E. Hess, J.P. Bellot, D. Ablitzer, S. Bourguignon, and A. Mitchell: Proc. 8th World Conf. on Titanium, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 1995, pp. 1591 and 1598.
J.P. Bellot, E. Hess, D. Ablitzer, and A. Mitchell: Proc. Int. Symp. on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, Santa Fe, NM, 1994, pp. 143–54.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bellot, J.P., Ablitzer, D., Foster, B. et al. Dissolution of hard-alpha inclusions in liquid titanium alloys. Metall Mater Trans B 28, 1001–1010 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-997-0054-y
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-997-0054-y