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Les sous-types moléculaires du cancer du sein. Apport des technologies à haut débit

The breast cancer molecular subtypes. Contributions of high throughput technologies

  • Synthèse / Review Article
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Oncologie

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Abstract

For more than 10 years, continuous development of new high through-put technologies has given to scientists a wide range of diverse but complementary tools to study biology in general and cancers in particular. These tools can address simultaneous, genome-wide studies of DNA copy number alterations (amplification, gain or losses), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), gene-expression alterations, microRNA post-transcriptional control alterations and protein complex activations. We present here a summary of the discoveries generated by gene-expression studies of breast cancers that stresses their direct implications in the care of patients. Terabytes of biological data, gathered throughout the years by the scientist, are not the by-product of some technological whim but, on the contrary, seminal information for the modern characterisation of these tumours. To improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients requires the use of these technologies.

Résumé

Depuis plus de dix ans, le développement continu de nouvelles technologies d’analyse à haut débit offre aux scientifiques la possibilité d’étudier la biologie du vivant en général et des cancers en particulier par des voies aussi différentes que complémentaires. Ainsi, les altérations de la structure de l’ADN (amplification, délétion, gain), les pertes d’hétérozygotie (LOH), les altérations du niveau d’expression des gènes, les altérations du contrôle posttranscriptionnelle des microARN, l’activation des complexes protéiques peuvent être analysées simultanément à l’échelle du génome humain. Nous présentons ici un résumé des découvertes obtenues par l’analyse à haut débit du profil d’expression des cancers du sein, en insistant particulièrement sur l’impact majeur de ces travaux sur la connaissance et la prise en charge clinique de ces patientes. Les terabytes de données biologiques accumulées par les scientifiques depuis plus de dix ans ne répondent pas simplement à une lubie technologique mais sont au contraire des outils déterminants de la dissection moderne de ces tumeurs. L’amélioration du pronostic des patientes atteintes de cancer du sein passe nécessairement par l’utilisation de ces technologies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de chirurgie, institut Curie, 26, rue d’Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France

    F. Reyal & R. -J. Salmon

  2. UMR 144, CNRS, institut Curie, 12, rue Lhomond, F-75005, Paris, France

    F. Reyal & G. Roubaud

  3. Département d’oncologie radiothérapique, institut Curie, 26, rue d’Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France

    M. -A. Bollet

  4. Département d’oncologie médicale, institut Bergonié, 229, cours de l’Argonne, F-33000, Bordeaux, France

    G. Roubaud

  5. Département de biologie des tumeurs, institut Curie, 26, rue d’Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France

    A. Vincent-Salomon

  6. Inserm U830, institut Curie, 26, rue d’Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France

    A. Vincent-Salomon

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  1. F. Reyal
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  2. M. -A. Bollet
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  4. A. Vincent-Salomon
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Reyal, F., Bollet, M.A., Roubaud, G. et al. Les sous-types moléculaires du cancer du sein. Apport des technologies à haut débit. Oncologie 12, 396–402 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-010-1907-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-010-1907-6

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