Abstract
Objective: To evaluate cardiac function at cardiopulmonary bypass weaning, we applied a new technique clinically to determine the approximated Emax without using a conductance catheter.Methods: Subjects were 5 patients. The left ventricular end-systolic pressure was obtained by overlaying the radial arterial pressure curve on the left ventricular pressure curve. Left ventricular end-systolic volume was assessed by a transesophageal echographic apparatus. At cardiopulmonary bypass weaning, volume loading was applied to increase left atrial pressure by a few mmHg while fixing the pump flow rate at half flow. Changes in left ventricular end-systolic volume and approximated left ventricular end-systolic pressure for total heart beat were plotted during this period, and the gradient of the regression line was taken as approximated Emax.Results: Approximated Emax ranged from 1.29 to 3.28 (mean 2.13 ± 0.72), and its correlation coefficient was 0.80 ± 0.06.Conclusion: Our new technique is useful in evaluating cardiac function during cardiopulmonary bypass.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Suga H, Sagawa K. Instantaneous pressure-volume relationships and their ratio in the excised, supported canine left ventricle. Circ Res 1974; 35: 117–26.
Baan J, Verde VET, Bruon DH, Smeenk GJ, Koops JAD, Temmerman D, et al. Continuous measurement of left ventricular volume in animals and humans by conductance catheter. Circulation 1984; 70: 812–23.
Takeuchi M. Assessment of left ventricular function using a conductance catheter in the human heart. Jap Circ J 1992; 56: 730–4.
Okuyama H, Shimizu S, Kurosawa H. Left ventricular pressure-volume curve using echocardiography and simultaneous micromanometer immediately before and after operation. Kyobu Geka. 1993; 46: 850–2.
Nomura K, Kurosawa H, Hashimoto K, Yamagishi M, Koyanagi K, Tanaka K, et al. Effects of amrinone on left ventricular function following open heart surgery — analysis with left ventricular pressure volume loops (Eng abstr). J Jpn Assn Thorac Surg. 1994; 42: 1865–70.
Oshita S, Kaieda R, Murakawa T, Masuda N, Funatsu N, Yokota K, et al. Assessment of left ventricular contractility (Emax) and arterial load (Ea) in humans by transesophageal echocardiography and radial artery pressure tracing. Masui. 1993; 42: 1611–7.
Pinto FJ, Siegel LC, Kreizman TR, Davidson R, Popp RL, Schnittger I. On-line estimation of cardiac output with a new automatic edge-detection system using transesophageal echocardiography: comparison with thermodilution. Circulation 1991; 84 (Suppl 2): 585.
Hsia HH. Is standardization of left ventricular chamber elastance necessary? Circulation 1990; 81: 1826–36.
Nakajima H, Niinami H, Hooper TL, Hammond RL, Nakajima HO, Lu H, et al. Cardiomyoplasty: probable mechanism of effectiveness using the pressure-volume relationship. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994; 57: 407–15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kubota, H., Furuse, A., Kotsuka, Y. et al. Cardiac function evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary bypass. Jpn J Thorac Caridovasc Surg 48, 261–266 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218137
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218137