Summary
Fumigation of soil was shown to affect subsequent potato crops by several different mechanisms.Rhizoctonia on roots and as black scurf on tubers,Verticillium wilt, pink eye of tubers, vascular browning in tubers, weeds and nematodes are involved. During the relatively dry years herein reported, fumigation gave a maximum yield increase of about 20%. Of the fumigants tested, Vorlex was the most effective in controlling the diseases evaluated. Vorlex at rates of 15 to 45 gal/acre increased yields for 2 years but did not reduce vascular browning the second year.V. albo-atrum was isolated from about 40% of tubers with vascular browning. Most isolates were the dark mycelial type with some microsclerotial isolates. Erosion of soil from untreated areas hastened reinfestation of fumigated soil by nematodes. Low rates of fumigants generally decreased occurrance of black scurf in tubers but 30 and 45 gal/acre of Vorlex increased black scurf slightly in tubers the first growing season.
Resumen
La fumigación del suelo influencia las futuras cosechas de papas de varias maneras.Rhizoctonia sobre raíces y como sarna negra sobre los tubérculos, marchitez causada porVerticillium, manchas rosadas sobre tubérculos, coloración parda de tejidos vasculares en los tubérculos, malezas y nematodos, todos son afectados. Durante los años relativamente secos, durante los cuales se condujo el experimento, la fumigación dió un incremento máximo de 20% de rendimiento.
Entre los fumigantes ensayados Vorlex fué el más efectivo en el control de las enfermedades mencionadas. Vorlex, aplicado a la tasa de 15–45 galones por acre, produjo un incremento de rendimiento durante 2 años pero no previno la coloración parda de tejidos vasculares durante el segundo año.V. albo-atrum fué aislado de más o menos 40% de tubérculos afectados con este pardeado vascular. La mayor parte de las aislados eran de tipo obscuro micelial incluyendo algunos microsclerocios. Suelos erosionados de las áreas no sujetas al tratamiento de fumigación aceleró la reinfestación de las áreas con nematodos. Tasas bajas de fumigantes redujeron, en general, la incidencia de sarna negra pero 30 y 45 gals/acre de Vorlex incrementaron ligeramente sarna negra en tubérculos durante la primera estación de crecimiento.
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Miller, P.M., Edgington, L.V. & Hawkins, A. Effects of soil fumigation on verticillium wilt, nematodes and other diseases of potato roots and tubers. American Potato Journal 44, 316–323 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02864727
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02864727