Definition
Affective connection to nature is not derived from a single theory, nor is there one accepted definition of it. Instead, in the various models and studies on this construct, slightly different terms have been used, such as emotional commitment to nature, emotional affinity toward nature, nature relatedness, love of nature, or inclusion of nature in self. It is a rather broad and multifaceted construct, which has developed into a new paradigm within environmental psychology with extensive and differentiated active research and even practice on it.
Affective connection to nature can be defined as a positive emotional bond with nature which is more or less consciously experienced by the subject. It typically requires positive experiences with nature, whereas negative experiences, like fear of nature phenomena or disgust, will not result in...
References
Baek, T. H., & Yoon, S. (2017). Guilt and shame: Environmental message framing effects. Journal of Advertising, 46(3), 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2017.1321069.
Barbaro, N., & Pickett, S. M. (2016). Mindfully green: Examining the effect of connectedness to nature on the relationship between mindfulness and engagement in pro-environmental behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 137–142.
Baxter, D. E., & Pelletier, L. G. (2019). Is nature relatedness a basic human psychological need? A critical examination of the extant literature. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 60(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000145.
Bissing-Olson, M. J., Fielding, K. S., & Iyer, A. (2016). Experiences of pride, not guilt, predict pro-environmental behavior when pro-environmental descriptive norms are more positive. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.001.
Capaldi, C. A., Dopko, R. L., & Zelenski, J. M. (2014). The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 976.
Cervinka, R., Röderer, K., & Hefler, E. (2012). Are nature lovers happy? On various indicators of well-being and connectedness with nature. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(3), 379–388.
Cheng, J. C. H., & Monroe, M. C. (2012). Connection to nature: Children’s affective attitude toward nature. Environment and Behavior, 44(1), 31–49.
Clayton, S. (2003). Environmental identity: A conceptual and operational definition. In S. Clayton & S. Opotow (Eds.), Identity and the natural environment. The psychology of nature (pp. 45–65). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cox, D. T., Shanahan, D. F., Hudson, H. L., Plummer, K. E., Siriwardena, G. M., Fuller, R. A., … Gaston, K. J. (2017). Doses of neighborhood nature: The benefits for mental health of living with nature. Bioscience, 67(2), 147–155.
Di Fabio, A., & Kenny, M. E. (2018). Connectedness to nature, personality traits and empathy from a sustainability perspective. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0031-4.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The new environmental paradigm: A proposed instrument and preliminary results. The Journal of Environmental Education, 9, 10–19.
Dutcher, T. S., Finley, J. C., Luloff, A. E., & Johnson, J. B. (2007). Connectivity with nature as a measure of environmental values. Environment and Behavior, 39(4), 474–493.
Geng, L., Xu, J., Ye, L., Zhou, W., & Zhou, K. (2015). Connections with nature and environmental behaviors. PLoS One, 10(5), e0127247. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127247.
Hinds, J., & Sparks, P. (2008). Engaging with the natural environment: The role of affective connection and identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 109–120.
Howell, A. J., & Passmore, H.-A. (2013). The nature of happiness: Nature affiliation and mental well-being. In C. L. M. Keyes (Ed.), Mental well-being: International contributions to the study of positive mental health. Dordrecht: Springer.
Howell, A. J., Passmore, H. A., & Buro, K. (2013). Meaning in nature: Meaning in life as a mediator of the relationship between nature connectedness and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(6), 1681–1696.
Kahn, P. H., Jr., & Kellert, S. R. (Eds.). (2002). Children and nature: Psychological, sociocultural and evolutionary investigations (pp. 117–151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Kals, E., & Müller, M. M. (2014). Education for sustainability. In L. Nucci, D. Narvaez, & T. Krettenauer (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education (pp. 471–487). London/New York: Routledge.
Kals, E., Schumacher, D., & Montada, L. (1999). Emotional affinity toward nature as a motivational basis to protect nature. Environment and Behavior, 31(2), 178–202.
Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 169–182.
Kaplan, R. (2001). The nature of the view from home: Psychological benefits. Environment and Behavior, 33(4), 507–542.
Kellert, S. R. (1997). Kinship to mastery: Biophilia in human evolution and development. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Choi, J., & Zachariassen, K. (2015). Connectedness to nature and to humanity: Their association and personality correlates. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01003.
Liefländer, A. K., Fröhlich, G., Bogner, F. X., & Schultz, P. W. (2013). Promoting connectedness with nature through environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 19(3), 370–384.
Lyons, E., & Breakwell, G. M. (1994). Factors predicting environmental concern and indifference in 13-to 16-year-olds. Environment and Behavior, 26, 223–238.
Mayer, F. S., & Frantz, C. M. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 503–515.
Mayer, F. S., Frantz, C. M., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., & Dolliver, K. (2009). Why is nature beneficial? The role of connectedness to nature. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 607–643.
McMahan, E. A., & Estes, D. (2015). The effect of contact with natural environments on positive and negative affect: A meta-analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 507–519.
Müller, M., Kals, E., & Pansa, R. (2009). Adolescents’ emotional affinity towards nature: A cross-societal study. Special Issue: Children and Nature. Journal of Developmental Processes, 4, 59–69.
Nisbet, E. K., & Zelenski, J. M. (2013). The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 813.
Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2009). The nature relatedness scale: Linking individuals’ connections with nature to environmental concern and behaviour. Environment and Behavior, 41, 715–740.
Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmental knowledge and connectedness to nature, together, are related to ecological behaviour. Global Environmental Change, 47, 88–94.
Restall, B., & Conrad, E. (2015). A literature review of connectedness to nature and its potential for environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 159, 264–278.
Rice, C. S., & Torquati, J. C. (2013). Assessing connections between young children’s affinity for nature and their experiences in natural outdoor settings in preschools. Children Youth and Environments, 23(2), 78–102.
Russell, K. C. (2000). Exploring how the wilderness therapy process relates to outcomes. The Journal of Experimental Education, 23(3), 170–176.
Schmuck, P., & Schultz, P. W. (Eds.). (2002). Psychology of sustainable development. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Schultz, P. W. (2001). Assessing the structure of environmental concern: Concern for self, other people, and the biosphere. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 1–13.
Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424.
Tam, K.-P. (2013a). Concepts and measures related to connection to nature: Similarities and differences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34, 64–78.
Tam, K.-P. (2013b). Dispositional empathy with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.05.004.
Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Can nature make us more caring? Effects of immersion in nature on intrinsic aspirations and generosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(10), 1315–1329.
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zelenski, J. M., & Nisbet, E. K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: The distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and Behavior, 46(1), 3–23.
Zelenski, J. M., Dopko, R. L., & Capaldi, C. A. (2015). Cooperation is in our nature: Nature exposure may promote cooperative and environmentally sustainable behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 24–31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kals, E., Nisbet, E.K. (2022). Affective Connection to Nature. In: Maggino, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3964-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3964-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69909-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69909-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences