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Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Carnauba Wax

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Gums, Resins and Latexes of Plant Origin

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

The major vegetable wax in the economy, carnauba wax (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore) is used widely in food owing to the physiochemical properties of the food, with a majority of esters. Many recent studies have focused on the use of this wax in food preservation and processing, highlighting its function in taste microencapsulation, edible films, and superhydrophobic and biodegradable packaging. This book chapter explores the requirements for coating and discusses the various types of coating materials, biological effects, and physical and chemical properties of carnauba wax powder.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

ANVISA:

Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária

BW:

Bees wax

CAR:

Carnauba Wax

CNCs:

Cellulose nanocrystals

CP:

Cold plasma

CSW:

Carnauba-shellac wax

CW:

Carnauba wax

CWN:

Carnauba wax nano-emulsion

CWNs:

Carnauba wax nanoparticles

DPPH:

Compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

ECF-125:

Extracellular fluid

EO:

Ethylene oxide

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FRAP:

Ferric-reducing action potential

GML:

Glycerol monolaurate

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice

GRAS:

Generally recognized as safe

GSEs:

Grapefruit seed extracts

HBO-HOSO:

High oleic soyabean oil hydroboration-oxidation

HIV-gp:

Human immunodeficiency virus – glycoprotein

KGM:

Konjac glucomannan

KSO-NLC:

Kenaf seed oil-nanostructured lipid carrier

LBL:

Layer by layer

LO:

Lemongrass oil

ME:

Microemulsion

MPa:

Megapascal pressure unit

NE:

Nanoemulsion

NLC:

Nanostructured lipid carriers

NLSs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

NSAID:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

OEO:

Oregano essential oil

PG:

Peptidoglycan

pH:

Potential of hydrogen

PUT:

Putrescine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SiO2:

Silicon dioxide

SLM:

Solid lipid microparticles

SLNPs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

SPF:

Sun protection factor

SS:

Soluble solids

TA:

Titratable acidity

UV:

Ultraviolet

WVP:

Water vapor permeability

X-ray:

X-radiation

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)-Brazil and Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Inhumas (FacMais), Inhumas, Goiás, Avenida Monte Alegre, nº 100 Residencial - Monte Alegre, 75400-000, Brazil

    Eli José Miranda Ribeiro Junior

  2. Department of Geography, Queen Mary’s College (A), Chennai, India

    Joy Ruby Violet Stephen

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India

    Murugan Muthuvel

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India

    Amitava Roy

  5. Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000 - Rodolfo Teófilo, 60430-275, Brazil

    Patrícia de Araújo Rodrigues & Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin

  6. Network Teaching and Learning Center, Department of Geography, State University of Goiás, Anapolis, Goiás, 75132903, BR 153 Quadra Area, Km 99 – Block II – 1st floor, Agroindustrial District of Anápolis, Brazil

    Marajá João Alves de Mendonça Filho

  7. Department of Geogrphy, Federal Institute of Goiás, Inhumas, Goiás, 75402556, University Avenue, S/Nº, Vale das Goiabeiras,, Brazil

    Renato Araújo Teixeira

  8. Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Campus Pampulha, 31270-901, Brazil

    Antony de Paula Barbosa

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  1. Eli José Miranda Ribeiro Junior
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

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Junior, E.J.M.R. et al. (2022). Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Carnauba Wax. In: Murthy, H.N. (eds) Gums, Resins and Latexes of Plant Origin. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_37-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_37-2

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-76523-1

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  1. Latest

    Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Carnauba Wax
    Published:
    01 April 2022

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_37-2

  2. Original

    Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Carnauba Wax
    Published:
    22 December 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_37-1

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