Abstract
All mobility requires some form of transport, whether that be human powered (walking, cycling), animal powered, or driven by steam, oil or electricity. All forms of transportation also make demands upon the environment through which they pass: competing for road space, requiring management and in the case of most non-human powered transport polluting the environment. There is much research on transport history but for the most part it remains separate from studies of migration and mobility. This chapter explores the benefits of greater interaction between these fields of enquiry, examines some of the ways in which planners and policy makers have sought to manage transport and travel over time, and considers the implications that this has both for the environment and for social equity.
Notes
- 1.
To get a flavour of the range of research see the Journal of Transport History: https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/journal-of-transport-history/journal202520
- 2.
Exceptions are most likely to be found in the more recent issues of the T2M yearbook: http://t2m.org/publications/yearbook/, and in some papers in Transfers: http://t2m.org/publications/transfers/
- 3.
See for instance the work of Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and George Gissing among many others who described aspects of nineteenth-century urban and rural life.
- 4.
Diary of Raleigh Trevelyan, Wigan Archives Service, Leigh (ECH/191). Entry for December 22nd, 1813.
- 5.
Manuscript autobiography of Amos Kniveton (author’s private collection).
- 6.
Diary of Joseph Yates, 1826–1896 (author’s private collection).
- 7.
A good source of statistics on travel in many countries is the Victoria Transport Policy Institute Encyclopaedia of Transportation Statistics: http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm80.htm
- 8.
International travel with armed forces is also significant, though not discussed here.
- 9.
Journal of John James, 1847–1880. (author’s personal collection). A transcript of this journal is also in the Cornish Studies Library, Redruth.
- 10.
Respondent RJ04, Manchester, 1950s. See Pooley et al. (2005) for more details.
- 11.
Diary of John Leeson, August 5th, 1852. Bishopsgate Institute Archive, London: GDP/8.
References
Anderson, E. A., & Spruill, J. W. (1993). The dual-career commuter family: A lifestyle on the move. Marriage & Family Review, 19(1–2), 131–147.
Ansell, N. (2004). Secondary schooling and rural youth transitions in Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Youth & Society, 36(2), 183–202.
Apur (Atalier parisien d’urbanisme). (2003). Paris Projet 34–35: Paris 2020, elements pour un plan d’aménagement et de développement durable. Paris: Apur.
Armstrong, J., & Williams, D. (2005). The steamboat and popular tourism. The Journal of Transport History, 26(1), 61–77.
Aziz, H. (2001). The journey: an overview of tourism and travel in the Arab/Islamic context. In D. Harrison (Ed.), Tourism and the less developed world: Issues and case studies (pp. 151–160). New York: CABI Pub.
Beaverstock, J. V., Derudder, B., Faulconbridge, J., & Witlox, F. (2010). International business travel in the global economy. Farnham: Ashgate.
Borowy, I. (2013). Road traffic injuries: Social change and development. Medical History, 57(01), 108–138.
Brodsky-Porges, E. (1981). The grand tour travel as an educational device 1600–1800. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 171–186.
Carver, A., Panter, J. R., Jones, A. P., & Van Sluijs, E. M. (2014). Independent mobility on the journey to school: A joint cross-sectional and prospective exploration of social and physical environmental influences. Journal of Transport & Health, 1(1), 25–32.
Collins, E. J. T. (1976). Migrant labour in British agriculture in the nineteenth century. The Economic History Review, 29(1), 38–59.
Cross, G., & Walton, J. K. (2005). The playful crowd: Pleasure places in the twentieth century. New York: Columbia University Press.
Dent, K. (1975). Travel as education: The English landed classes in the eighteenth century. Educational Studies, 1(3), 171–180.
Department of Transport. (1979). National travel survey 1975/6. London: HMSO.
Department for Transport. (2016). National Travel Survey 2016 update. London: National Statistics.
Dickinson, J. E., & Lumsdon, L. (2010). Slow travel and tourism. London: Earthscan.
Dyhouse, C. (2012). Girls growing up in late Victorian and Edwardian England. London: Routledge.
Ebert, A. K. (2004). Cycling towards the nation: The use of the bicycle in Germany and the Netherlands, 1880–1940. European Review of History, 11(3), 347–364.
Edgerton, D. (2006). Shock of the old: Technology and global history since 1900. London: Profile books.
Fullagar, S., Markwell, K., & Wilson, E. (Eds.) (2012). Slow tourism: Experiences and mobilities. Buffalo, NY: Channel View Publications.
Gershuny, J. (2003). Changing times: Work and leisure in post-industrial society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Green, A. E. (1997). A question of compromise? Case study evidence on the location and mobility strategies of dual career households. Regional Studies, 31(7), 641–657.
Guigueno, V. (2008). Building a high-speed society: France and the Aérotrain, 1962–1974. Technology and Culture, 49(1), 21–40.
Gunn, S. (2013). People and the car: The expansion of automobility in urban Britain, c. 1955–1970. Social History, 38(2), 220–237.
Guy, S., & Marvin, S. (1996). Transforming urban infrastructure provision – the emerging logic of demand-side management. Policy Studies, 17(2), 137–147.
Haase, A., Steptoe, A., Sallis, J. F., & Wardle, J. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity in university students from 23 countries: Associations with health beliefs, risk awareness, and national economic development. Preventive Medicine, 39(1), 182–190.
Hass-Klau, C. (2014). The pedestrian and the city. London: Routledge.
Hislop, D. (Ed.) (2008). Mobility and technology in the workplace. London: Routledge.
Hoffman, A. J., & Ventresca, M. J. (2002). Organizations, policy and the natural environment: Institutional and strategic perspectives. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hook, W., & Ernst, J. (1999). Bicycle use plunges: The struggle for sustainability in China’s cities. Sustainable Transport, 10, 6–7.
Horton, D., Rosen, P., & Cox, P. (Eds.) (2007). Cycling and society. Farnham: Ashgate.
Johnson, J. H. (1967). Harvest migration from nineteenth-century Ireland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41, 97–112.
Kellett, J. R. (1969). The impact of railways on Victorian cities. London: Routledge.
Kunert, U., Kloas, J., & Kuhfeld, H. (2002). Design characteristics of National Travel Surveys: International comparison for 10 countries. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1804, 107–116.
Künzli, N., Kaiser, R., Medina, S., Studnicka, M., Chanel, O., Filliger, P., Herry, M., Horak, F., Puybonnieux-Texier, V., Quénel, P., & Schneider, J. (2000). Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: A European assessment. The Lancet, 356(232), 795–801.
Kunzman, R., & Gaither, M. (2013). Homeschooling: A comprehensive survey of the research. Other Education, 2(1), 4–59.
Land Transport Authority. (2014). Passenger transport mode shares in world cities. Journeys, 12, 54–64.
Lawson, J., & Silver, H. (1973). A social history of education in England. London: Routledge.
Lebo, J., & Schelling, D. (2001). Design and appraisal of rural transport infrastructure: Ensuring basic access for rural communities. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.
Luckin, B., & Sheen, D. (2009). Defining early modern automobility: The road traffic accident crisis in Manchester, 1939–1945. Cultural and Social History, 6(2), 211–230.
Lyons, G., Jain, J., & Holley, D. (2007). The use of travel time by rail passengers in Great Britain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 107–120.
Lyons, G., & Urry, J. (2005). Travel time use in the information age. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 39(2), 257–276.
Lyth, P. (2016). Plane crazy Brits: Aeromobility, climate change and the British traveller. In C. Divall, J. Hine, & C. Pooley (Eds.), Transport policy: Learning lessons from history (pp. 171–184). Farnham: Ashgate.
Lyth, P. J., & Dierikx, M. L. (1994). From privilege to popularity: The growth of leisure air travel since 1945. The Journal of Transport History, 15(2), 97–116.
Major, S. (2015). Early Victorian railway excursions: The million go forth. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books.
McShane, C. (1979). Transforming the use of urban space: A look at the revolution in street pavements, 1880–1924. Journal of Urban History, 5(3), 279–307.
Mom, G. (2014). Atlantic automobilism: Emergence and persistence of the car, 1895–1940. New York: Berghahn Books.
Moore, P. W. (1983). Public services and residential development in a Toronto neighborhood, 1880–1915. Journal of Urban History, 9(4), 445–471.
Morrison, K. A., & Minnis, J. (2012). Carscapes: The motor car, architecture and landscape in England. Newhaven, CT: Yale University Press.
Mullen, C., & Marsden, G. (2016). Mobility justice in low carbon energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, 18, 109–117.
Mullen, C., Tight, M., Whiteing, A., & Jopson, A. (2014). Knowing their place on the roads: What would equality mean for walking and cycling?. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 61, 238–248.
O’Brien, P. (Ed.) (1983). Railways and the economic development of Western Europe, 1830–1914. London: Macmillan.
O’Connell, S. (1998). The car and British society: Class, gender and motoring, 1896–1939. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Pirie, G. H. (2009). Virtuous mobility: Moralising vs measuring geographical mobility in Africa. Afrika Focus, 22(1), 21–35.
Pooley, C., & Turnbull, J. (2000). Modal choice and modal change: The journey to work in Britain since 1890. Journal of Transport Geography, 8(1), 11–24.
Pooley, C., Turnbull, J., & Adams, M. (2005). A mobile century? Changes in everyday mobility in Britain in the twentieth century. Farnham: Ashgate.
Pooley, C., Whyatt, D., Walker, M., Davies, G., Coulton, P., & Bamford, W. (2010). Understanding the school journey: Integrating data on travel and environment. Environment and Planning A, 42(4), 948–965.
Porter, G. (2002). Living in a walking world: Rural mobility and social equity issues in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 30(2), 285–300.
Porter, G., Hampshire, K., Mashiri, M., Dube, S., & Maponya, G. (2010). ‘Youthscapes’ and escapes in rural Africa: Education, mobility and livelihood trajectories for young people in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Journal of International Development, 22(8), 1090–1101.
Porter, V., & Haleem, A. (2012). Hajj: Journey to the heart of Islam. London: British Museum Press.
Preston, J. (2012). High Speed Rail in Britain: About time or a waste of time? Journal of Transport Geography, 22, 308–311.
Prothero, R. M., & Chapman, M. (1985). Circulation in third world countries. London: Routledge.
Prynn, D. (1976). The Clarion Clubs, rambling and the Holiday Associations in Britain since the 1890s. Journal of Contemporary History, 11(2), 65–77.
Pucher, J., & Buehler, R. (2008). Making cycling irresistible: Lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany. Transport Reviews, 28(4), 495–528.
Qin, X., & Ivan, J. (2001). Estimating pedestrian exposure prediction model in rural areas. Transportation Research Record, 1773, 89–96.
Rooney, D. (2015). Technologies of segregation on the streets of East London. Paper presented to the International Conference of Historical Geographers, London, July 7th, 2016. (Abstract available at: http://conference.rgs.org/ICHG/40, Accessed August 2016).
Sachs, W. (1992). For love of the automobile: Looking back into the history of our desires. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Samet, J. M. (2007). Traffic, air pollution, and health. Inhalation Toxicology, 19(12), 1021–1027.
Santos, A., McGuckin, N., Nakamoto, H. Y., Gray, D., & Liss, S. (2011). Summary of travel trends: 2009 National Household Travel Survey. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation. (Available at: http://nhts.ornl.gov/2009/pub/STT.pdf, Accessed August 2016).
Schafer, A. (1998). The global demand for motorized mobility. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 32(6), 455–477.
Schwartz, R., Gregory, I., & Thévenin, T. (2011). Spatial history: Railways, uneven development, and population change in France and Great Britain, 1850–1914. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 42(1), 53–88.
Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2000). The city and the car. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(4), 737–757.
Southall, H. R. (1991). The tramping artisan revisits: Labour mobility and economic distress in early Victorian England. The Economic History Review, 44(2), 272–296.
Standing, G (1985). Labour circulation and the labour process. London: Croom Helm.
Stephens, W. B. (1998). Education in Britain, 1750–1914. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Timaeus, I., & Graham, W. (1986). Labour circulation marriage and fertility in Southern Africa. London: Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Urry, J. (2004). The ‘system’ of automobility. Theory, Culture & Society, 21(4–5), 25–39.
US Department of Transport. (2015). Passenger travel facts and figures, 2015. Washington, DC: Bureau of Transportation Statistics: (Available at: http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/PTFF_Complete.pdf, Accessed August 2016).
Walker, H. (1985). The popularisation of the outdoor movement, 1900–1940. The British Journal of Sports History, 2(2), 140–153.
Walton, J. (2011). The origins of the modern package tour? British motor-coach tours in Europe, 1930–1970. The Journal of Transport History, 32(2), 145–163.
Walton, J. K. (1983). Leisure in Britain, 1780–1939. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Ward, S. V. (1998). Selling places: The marketing and promotion of towns and cities, 1850–2000. London: Taylor & Francis.
Weinert, J., Ma, C., & Cherry, C. (2007). The transition to electric bikes in China: History and key reasons for rapid growth. Transportation, 34(3), 301–318.
Williams-Davies, J. (1977). Merched y Gerddi: A seasonal migration of female labour from rural Wales. Folk Life, 15(1), 12–23.
Zhang, H., Shaheen, S. A., & Chen, X. (2014). Bicycle evolution in China: From the 1900s to the present. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 8(5), 317–335.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pooley, C.G. (2017). Mobility in History Through the Lens of Transport. In: Mobility, Migration and Transport. Palgrave Studies in Migration History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51883-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51883-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-51882-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-51883-1
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)