Abstract
Providing epidural anesthesia requires full understanding and three-dimensional visualization of the spinal anatomy. Along with understanding spinal anatomy, the technique for placement, possible complications and how to avoid pitfalls are of utmost importance. Below, we discuss the spinal anatomy in depth. We will also discuss techniques for cervical, thoracic, lumbar and caudal anesthesia, including the indications, complications and ways to avoid pitfalls. We will also discuss key board words with definitions and descriptions.
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Further Reading
Gropper M, Eriksson L, Fleisher L, Wiener-Kronish J, Cohen N, Leslie K. Chapter 45: spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. In: Miller’s anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019. p. 1413–50.
Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombotic therapy: ASRA and pain medicine evidence-based guidelines. 4th ed.
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Landphair, W., Lubenow, T. (2022). Neuraxial Block: Spine Anatomy; Epidural (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Caudal). In: Banik, R.K. (eds) Anesthesiology In-Training Exam Review. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87266-3_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87266-3_12
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