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Genetic Improvements to the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for the Control of Mosquito Population

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Genetically Modified and other Innovative Vector Control Technologies

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases are becoming a major health problem worldwide. At present, the principal method of controlling these diseases entirely depends on the mosquito vector control strategies. However, traditional control methods which are focussed on reducing mosquito populations through environmental management and the application of insecticides are largely ineffective. Hence, various control methods, including the release of sterile insect technique (SIT), have been proposed for the reduction of the mosquito population. As a species-specific control strategy, SIT offers considerable environmental benefits and a chemical-free option for insect control. However, the application of the SIT to mosquito control consistently suffered from lack of efficient sexing system, high fitness cost and operational difficulty in ionizing radiation, density-dependent nature of the target mosquito population and various other technical issues. The intervention of genetic engineering has led to several improvements in the operation or security of SIT programmes. The advent of mosquito transgenesis has paved the way for novel approaches in mosquito control. One possibility is a release of insects carrying dominant lethal (RIDL) strategy by engineering self-limiting gene, which offers solutions for many drawbacks of traditional SIT by providing genetic sterilization, genetic sexing, genetic containment and provision of genetic markers while maintaining its environmentally benign and species-specific utility. The success of this strategy often depends on how genetic modification affects the fitness of the mosquitoes. With several improvements and modifications allowing minimum fitness load, RIDL is now available for a wide range of mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles stephensi with field-testing possibilities. However, with solid epidemiological evidence and community support, widespread implementation of these strategies might reverse the current alarming global mosquito vector-borne diseases.

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) operation for financial support to carry out research studies on high-tech approaches to control dengue by genetic engineering mosquito vector Ae. aegypti.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    P. V. D. Dilani & R. S. Dassanayake

  2. Molecular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene

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Correspondence to R. S. Dassanayake .

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  1. VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Brij Kishore Tyagi

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Dilani, P.V.D., Gunawardene, Y.I.N.S., Dassanayake, R.S. (2021). Genetic Improvements to the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for the Control of Mosquito Population. In: Tyagi, B.K. (eds) Genetically Modified and other Innovative Vector Control Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2964-8_3

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