Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets: An Evidence-Based Technology for Malaria Vector Control and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The advent of long-lasting insecticidal nets (popularly known as LLINs) have revolutionized the concept of vector control and are increasingly in demand for wider community acceptance and perceived benefits on account of decreased nuisance due to mosquito bites and relative freedom from malaria. LLINs are currently being promoted worldwide and proven appropriate technology for added advantages of extended residual bio-efficacy and durability that span over 3–4 years (serviceable life of net). These nets employ pyrethroids (a class of insecticide), which have been recommended for use in public health due to their property of negligible mammalian toxicity, rapid knockdown effect, extended longevity of residual effect and affordable costs. LLIN-based intervention has proven efficacious against local disease vectors for containment of malaria transmission in varied ecological settings and is recommended by the World Health Organization for incorporation in health systems prioritizing high-risk population groups. However, population coverage remains miniscule of what is needed for universal coverage to achieve the coveted goal of malaria elimination. The need of hour is greater allocation of resources ensuring equitable access for which innovative strategies are mandated for mass distribution including indigenous production, social marketing, reduced taxes and tariffs and partnership between government, donors and corporate sectors alike, making LLIN a household commodity to combat malaria disease, vectors of malaria and spread of drug-resistant malaria.