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The first Mandela was Jesus Christ. The Second was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. The third Nelson Mandela are the poor people of the world.

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  • Crick, M., 1984. The History of the Social-Democratic Federation (Ryburn Press, Keele).

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  • Gupta, S.D., 1997. ‘The Third International and Anti-Imperialist Struggle in India: A View from the Comintern Archives’, Society and Change, 11.2, pp. 27–35.

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  • Hessel, B. (ed.), 1980. Theses, Resolutions and Manifestos of the First Four Congresses of the Third International (Ink Links, London).

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  • Jones, S.G., 1987. ‘Work, Leisure and the Political Economy of the Cotton Districts between the Wars’, Textile History, 18.1 (Spring), pp. 31–42.

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  • Kolko, G., 1968. The Politics of War: Allied Diplomacy and the World Crisis of1941–45 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London).

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  • Labour Party, 1918. Labour’s Call to the People (Labour Party, London).

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  • Lenin, V.I., 1952. ‘Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism’, in Selected Works, vol. 1 (Progress Publishers, Moscow), pp. 667–766.

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  • Malpass, P., 2005. Housing and the Welfare State: The Development of Housing Policy in Britain (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke).

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  • Overstreet, G.D., and Windmiller, A., 1969. Communism in India (University of California Press, Berkeley).

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  • Pollitt, H., 1935. Speech to the seventh congress of the Comintern, CP Archive, People’s History Museum, Manchester, UK, microfilm reel 15.

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  • Porter, B., 1968. Critics of Empire: British Radicals and the Imperial Challenge (Macmillan, London).

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  • Porter, B., 1984. The Lion’s Share: A Short History of British Imperialism1850–1983 (Longman, London).

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Selected works

  • Bayley, C., and Harper, T., 2004. Forgotten Armies: Britain’s Asian Empire and the War with Japan (Penguin, London).

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  • Howe, S., 1994. Anti-Colonialism in British Politics: The Left and the End of Empire 1918–1964 (Oxford University Press, Oxford).

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  • Kirk, N., 2011. The Politics of Empire Britain and Australia 1900 to the Present (Manchester University Press, Manchester).

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  • Kolko, G., 1968. The Politics of War: Allied Diplomacy and the World Crisis of1941–45 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London).

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  • Marwick, A., 1991. The Deluge (Macmillan, Basingstoke).

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  • Ovendale, R. (ed.), 1984. The Foreign Policy of the British Labour Government, 1945–51 (Leicester University Press, Leicester).

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Selected works

  • Duus, Peter, Ramon Meyers, and Mark Peattie, eds. The Japanese Informal Empire in China, 1895–1937 . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.

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  • Spence, Jonathan. To Change China: Western Advisers in China, Boston, MA: Little-Brown, 1969.

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  • Spence, Jonathan. The Gate of Heavenly Peace: Chinese Intellectuals and Their Revolution, 1895–1980. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.

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  • Carroll, James. House of War: The Pentagon and the Disastrous Rise of American Power. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006.

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  • Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Barry Gills, ‘Waves of Globalization and Resistance in the Capitalist World-System: Social Movements and Critical Global Studies’. In Richard P. Applebaum and William I. Robinson, eds, Critical Globalization Studies, 45–54. New York: Routledge, 2005.

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  • Chincill, Norma. ‘Globalization, Internal Migration, and Transnationalism: Some Observations Based on the Central American Experience’. In Richard P. Applebaum and William I. Robinson, eds, Critical Globalization Studies, 167–176. New York: Routledge, 2005.

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  • Cortright, David and Ron Pagnucco. ‘Transnational Activism in the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign’. In Thomas R. Rochon and David S. Meyer, eds, Coalitions and Political Movements: The Lessons of the Nuclear Freeze, 81–94. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997.

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  • Cumings, Bruce. ‘The Wicked Witch of the West is Dead: Long Live the Wicked Witch of the East’. In Michael J. Hogan, ed., The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications, 87–101. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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  • Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007.

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  • Kelly, Petra. Fighting for Hope, trans. Marianne Howarth. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1984.

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  • Kinzer, Stephen. Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2006.

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  • Mekata, Motoko. ‘Waging Peace: Transnational Peace Activism’. In Srilatha Batliwala and L. David Brown, eds. Transnational Civil Society: An Introduction, 181–203. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2006.

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  • Meyer, David. A Winter of Discontent: The Nuclear Freeze and American Politics. New York: Praeger, 1990.

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  • Perla, Hector, Jr. ‘Si Nicaragua Vencio, El Salvador Vencera: Central American Agency in the Creation of the U.S.-Central American Peace and Solidarity Movement’, Latin American Research Review 43:2 (2008): 136–158.

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  • Westad, Odd Arne. The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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  • Foster, John Bellamy and Robert W.W. McChesney, The Endless Crisis: How Monopoly-Finance Capital Produces Stagnation and Upheaval from the USA to China. New York: NYU Press, 2012.

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  • Harvey, David. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

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  • Hobson, J.A. Imperialism: A Study. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1938.

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  • Hofstadter, Richard. The Paranoid Style in American Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.

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  • Lenin, V.I. Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism. New York: International Publishers, 1939 [1916].

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  • McCormick, Thomas. ‘Insular Imperialism and the Open Door: The China Market and the Spanish-American War’, Pacifiic Historical Review, no. 22 1963: 155–169.

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  • Magdoff, Harry. Imperialism Without Colonies. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2003.

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  • Rosenberg, Emily S. Financial Missionaries to the World: The Politics and Culture of Dollar Diplomacy, 1900–1930. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003.

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  • Smith, Robert. ‘Cuba: Laboratory for Dollar Diplomacy, 1898–1917.’ Historian no. 28 (1966).

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Selected works

  • Hoefte, R.M.A.L. and P.J.J. Meel (eds) (2001) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society (Leiden: Brill).

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  • Hoetink, H. (1958) Het Patroon van de Oudse Curacaose Samenleving: een Sociologische Studie (Willemstad: De Wit).

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  • Klooster, W. and G.J. Oostindie (2011) Curaçao in the Age of Revolutions (Leiden: KITLV Press).

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  • Meel, P.J.J. (1999) Tussen Autonomie en Onafhankelijkheid: Nederlands-Surinaamse Betrekkingen, 1954–1961 (Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij).

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  • Oostindie, G.J. (2005) Paradise Overseas: The Dutch Caribbean; Colonialism and its Transatlantic Legacies (London: Macmillan Caribbean).

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  • Oostindie, G. J. and I. Klinkers (2004) Decolonising the Caribbean: Dutch Policies in a Comparative Perspective (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press).

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  • Postma, J. (1990) The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

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  • Price, R. (1990) Alabi’s World (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press).

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  • Curtis, Liz (1994) The Cause of Ireland: From the United Irishmen to Partition, Belfast: Beyond The Pale.

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  • Foy, Michael and Brian Barton (1999) The Easter Rising, Stroud: Sutton Publishing.

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  • Lenin, V.I. (1970) Lenin On Ireland, Dublin: New Books.

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  • Mansergh, Nicholas (1978) The Prelude To Partition: Concepts and Aims in Ireland and India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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  • Mansergh, Nicholas (2003 [1965]) ‘Notes for a Debate on Ireland’s Influence on British Politics in the Historical Society, Trinity College, 5 November 1965’, in Martin Mansergh (ed.) The Legacy of History, Cork: Mercier, pp. 288–289.

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  • O’Connor, Ulick (1975) A Terrible Beauty Is Born: The Irish Troubles1912–1922, London: Hamish Hamilton.

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  • Silvestri, Michael (2000) ‘“The Sinn Fein of India”: Irish Nationalism and the Policing of Revolutionary Terrorism in Bengal’, Journal of British Studies, 39 (4), 454–486.

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  • Townshend, Charles (2005) 1916: The Irish Rebellion, London: Allen Lane.

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  • Akinyeye, Y. (2012). ‘West Africa in British and French Geo-Politics, 1886–1945’. In L.E. Otoide (ed.), History Unlimited: Essays in Honour of Professor Abednego Ekoko, pp. 145–161. Benin City: Mindex Publishing Co. Ltd.

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  • Asiwaju, A.I. (1977). Migration as an Expression of Revolt: The Example of French West Africa up to 1945’, Tarikh, 5:3, pp. 36–37.

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  • Chaturvedi, A.K. (2006). Academic’s Dictionary of Political Science. New Delhi: Academic (India) Publishers.

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  • Chikendu, P.N. (2004). Imperialism & Nationalism. Enugu: Academic Publishing Company.

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  • Hobson, J.A. (1902). Imperialism: A Study. New York: James Pott and Co.

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  • Lenin, V.I. (1917). Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. Petrograd: Znaniye Publishers.

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  • Okoduwa, A.I., and Ibhasebhor, S.E. (2005). European Imperialism and African Reactions. Benin City: Borwin Publishers.

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  • Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-Ouverture Publications.

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  • Ageron, Charles Robert, ‘Gambetta et la reprise de l’expansion coloniale,’ Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer LIX (1972).

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  • Anon. (eds) Exposition Coloniale Internationale. Guide Officiel (Paris: 1931).

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  • Bowlan, Jeanne, ‘Civilizing Gender Relations in Algeria: The Paradoxical Case of Marie Bugéja, 1919–1939’, in Julia Clancy-Smith and Frances Gouda, eds, Domesticating the Empire (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998), pp. 175–192.

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  • Camiscioli, Elisa, ‘Reproducing the “French Race”; Immigration and Pronatalism in Early-Twentieth-Century France’, in Tony Ballantyne and Antoinette Burton (eds), Bodies in Contact: Rethinking Colonial Encounters in World History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), pp. 219–232.

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  • Conklin, Alice, ‘Redefining “Frenchness”: Citizenship, Race Regeneration, and Imperial Motherhood in France and West Africa, 1914–40,’ in Julia Clancy-Smith and Frances Gouda, eds, Domesticating the Empire (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998), pp. 65–83.

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  • Conklin, Alice, Robert Zaretsky, and Sarah Fishman, France and its Empire since 1870 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).

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  • Ferry, Jules, ‘Speech Before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884’, Discours et Opinions de Jules Ferry, ed. Paul Robiquet (Paris: Armand Colin & Cie, 1897), trans. Ruth Kleinman, Modern History Sourcebook, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1884ferry.asp (accessed March 2013).

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  • Finch-Boyer, Héloïse, ‘“The Idea of the Nation Was Superior to Race”: Transforming Racial Contours and Social Attitudes and Decolonizing the French Empire from La Réunion, 1946–1973,’ French Historical Studies 36(1), Winter 2013: 109–140.

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  • Fogarty, Richard, ‘Race and Sex, Fear and Loathing in France during the Great War’, in Dagmar Herzog (ed.), Brutality and Desire: War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century (New York: Palgrave MacMillan Press, 2009), pp. 59–90.

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  • Horne, Janet, ‘In Pursuit of Greater France: Visions of Empire among Musée Social Reformers: 1894–1931’, in Julia Clancy-Smith and Frances Gouda, eds, Domesticating the Empire (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998), pp. 21–42.

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Selected works

  • Ageron, Charles Robert. Les Algériens Musulmans et la France, 1871–1919 (The Algerian Muslims and France, 1871–1919), 2 vols, Paris: PUF, 1968.

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  • Brower, Benjamin. A Desert Named Peace: The Violence of France’s Empire in the Algerian Sahara, 1844–1902. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.

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  • Cooper, Frederick. Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945–1960. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014.

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  • Daughton, J.P. An Empire Divided: Religion, Republicanism, and the Making of French Colonialism, 1880–1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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  • Fanon, Franz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2005.

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  • Horne, Alistair. A Savage War of Peace: Algeria1954–1962. New York: The Viking Press, 1977.

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  • Jennings, Eric. Imperial Heights: Dalat and the Making and Undoing of French Indochina. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.

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  • Jennings, Eric. Vichy in the Tropics: Petain’s National Revolution in Madagascar, Guadeloupe, and Indochina: 1940–44. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.

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  • Rabinow, Paul. French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

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  • Scott, Joan. The Politics of the Veil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.

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  • Shepard, Todd. The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France. New York: Cornell University Press, 2008.

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  • Wilder, Gary. The French Imperial Nation-State: Negritude and Colonial Humanism Between the Two World Wars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

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  • Adorno, T.W. and M. Horkheimer (2002) Dialectic of Enlightenment. Philosophical Fragments (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).

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Selected works

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  • Piazza, Hans (Hg.) (1987), Die Liga gegen Imperialismus und für nationale Unabhängigkeit 1927–1937. Zur Geschichte und Aktualität einer wenig bekannten antikolonialen Weltorganisation (Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig).

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Selected works

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Ness, I., Cope, Z. (2016). History. In: Ness, I., Cope, Z. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230392786_4

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