Abstract
Although many countries have adopted antitrust statutes and have an active antitrust enforcement programme, the United States was the first to enact national legislation on monopolies and monopolization. To be sure, English common law dealt with some of these matters long before the Sherman Act was passed in 1890. But the United States was and remains a leader in antitrust legislation, enforcement and research. The discussion herein focuses on the development of antitrust economics and related changes in antitrust enforcement within the United States.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bain, J. 1956. Barriers to new competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bain, J. 1959. Industrial organization. New York: Wiley.
Berle, A.A., and G.C. Means. 1932. The modern corporation and private property. New York: Macmillan.
Bork, R.H. 1978. The antitrust paradox. New York: Basic Books.
Chamberlin, E. 1933. Theory of monopolistic competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Coase, R.H. 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica 4: 386–405. Reprinted in Readings in price theory, ed. G.J. Stigler and K.E. Boulding. Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1952.
Dixit, A. 1979. A model of duopoly suggesting a theory of entry barriers. Bell Journal of Economics 10: 20–32.
Dixit, A. 1980. The role of investment in entry deterrence. Economic Journal 90: 95–106.
Eaton, B.C., and R.G. Lipsey. 1980. Exit barriers are entry barriers: The durability of capital. Bell Journal of Economics 11: 721–729.
Eaton, B.C., and R.G. Lipsey. 1981. Capital commitment and entry equilibrium. Bell Journal of Economics 12: 593–604.
Fisher, A., and R. Lande. 1983. Efficiency considerations in merger enforcement. California Law Review 71: 1580–1696.
Grossman, G.M. and Richardson, J.D. 1985. Strategic trade policy: A survey of issues and early analysis. Special Papers in International Economics No. 15, Princeton University.
Klein, B., and K.B. Leffler. 1981. The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. Journal of Political Economy 89: 615–641.
Kreps, D.M., and R. Wilson. 1982. Reputation and imperfect information. Journal of Economic Theory 27: 253–279.
Liebeler, W.C. 1978. Market power and competitive superiority in concentrated industries. UCLA Law Review 25: 1231–1300.
Mason, E. 1957. Economic concentration and the monopoly problem. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Milgrom, P., and J. Roberts. 1982. Predation, reputation, and entry deterrence. Journal of Economic Theory 27: 280–312.
Modigliani, F. 1958. New developments on the oligopoly front. Journal of Political Economy 66: 215–232.
Muris, T.J. 1979. The efficiency defense under section 7 of the Clayton Act. Case Western Reserve Law Review 30: 381–432.
Ordover, J.A., and R.D. Willig. 1981. An economic definition of predatory product innovation. In Strategic views of predation, ed. S. Salop, 301–396. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission.
Robinson, J. 1933. The economics of imperfect competition. London: Macmillan.
Salop, S., and D. Scheffman. 1983. Raising rivals’ costs. American Economic Review 73: 267–271.
Spence, A.M. 1977. Entry, capacity investment and oligopolistic pricing. Bell Journal of Economics 8: 534–544.
Stigler, G.J. 1952. The case against big business. Fortune 47, May, 123 et seq.
Stigler, G.J. 1955. Mergers and preventive antitrust policy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 104: 176–184.
Stigler, G.J. 1968. The organization of industry. Homewood: Richard D. Irwin.
Sylos-Labini, P. 1956. Oligopoly and Technical Progress. Trans. Elizabeth Henderson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.
Telser, L. 1960. Why should manufacturers want fair trade? Journal of Law and Economics 3: 86–104.
Telser, L. 1981. A theory of self-enforcing agreements. Journal of Business 53: 27–44.
von Weizsäcker, C.C. 1980. Barriers to entry. New York: Springer.
Williamson, O.E. 1968a. Wage rates as a barrier to entry: The Pennington case in perspective. Quarterly Journal of Economics 82: 85–116.
Williamson, O.E. 1968b. Economies as an antitrust defense: The welfare tradeoffs. American Economic Review 58: 18–35.
Williamson, O.E. 1979. Assessing vertical market restrictions. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 127: 953–993.
Williamson, O.E. 1983. Credible commitments: Using hostages to support exchange. American Economic Review 73: 519–540.
Williamson, O.E. 1985. The economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Williamson, O.E. (2018). Anti-trust Policy. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_680
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_680
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-95188-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-95189-5
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences