Abstract
Problematic personal debts and associated outcomes, such as bankruptcy and foreclosure, lead to significant declines in psychological health. This article summarises the recent literature and discusses the key issues in measurement and causality. Medical studies show that problem debts are associated with depression, self-harm and even suicide. Recent studies using econometric techniques show that some of the association in self-reported data is due to perception bias. Quasi-experimental studies using data from the housing crises show the onset of problem debt causes deterioration in psychological health, including effects upon physical health and health behaviours.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Abbo, C., S. Ekblad, P. Waako, E. Okello, W. Muhwezi, and S. Musisi. 2008. Psychological distress and associated factors among the attendees of traditional healing practices in Jinja and Iganga districts, Eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2: 16.
Bartel, A., and P. Taubman. 1986. Some economic and demographic consequences of mental illness. Journal of Labor Economics 4: 243–256.
Battersby, M., B. Tolchard, M. Scurrah, and L. Thomas. 2006. Suicide ideation and behaviour in people with pathological gambling attending a treatment service. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 4: 233–246.
Bridges, S., and R. Disney. 2010. Debt and depression. Journal of Health Economics 29: 388–403.
Brown, S., K. Taylor, and S. Wheatley-Price. 2005. Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit. Journal of Economic Psychology 26: 642–663.
Chan, S.S., H.F. Chiu, E.Y. Chen, W.S. Chan, P.W. Wong, C.L. Chan, Y.W. Law, and P.S. Yip. 2009. Population-attributable risk of suicide conferred by axis I psychiatric diagnoses in a Hong Kong Chinese population. Psychiatric Services 60: 1135–1138.
Clark, C., C. Pike, S. McManus, J. Harris, P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, R. Jenkins, H. Meltzer, S. Weich, and S. Stansfeld. 2012. The contribution of work and non-work stressors to common mental disorders in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine 42: 829–842.
Cooper, C.L. 2005. Handbook of stress medicine and health. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Currie, J., and E. Tekin. 2011. Is there a link between foreclosure and health? NBER working paper 17310. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Drentea, P. 2000. Age, debt and anxiety. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 41: 437–450.
Fitch, C., S. Hamilton, P. Bassett, and R. Davey. 2011. The relationship between personal debt and mental health: A systematic review. Mental Health Review Journal 16: 153–166.
Gathergood, J. 2012. Debt and depression: Causal links and social norm effects. Economic Journal 122: 1094–1114.
Goldberg, D. 1985. Identifying psychiatric illnesses among general medical patients. British Medical Journal 291: 161–162.
Goldberger, L., and S. Breznitz (eds.). 1993. Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects. New York: Free Press.
Hamilton, V., P. Merrigan, and E. Dufresne. 1997. Down and out: Estimating the relationship between mental health and unemployment. Health Economics 6: 397–406.
Hatcher, S. 1994. Debt and deliberate self-poisoning. British Journal of Psychiatry 164: 111–114.
Jenkins, R., P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, D. Bhugra, M. Farrell, J. Coid, N. Singleton, and H. Meltzer. 2009. Mental disorder in people with debt in the general population. Public Health Medicine 6: 88–92.
Lea, S., P. Webley, and C. Walker. 1995. Psychological factors in consumer debt: Money management, economic socialisation and credit use. Journal of Economic Psychology 16: 681–701.
Lenton, P., and P. Mosley. 2008. Debt and health. In: Sheffield economic research paper series Number 2008004, University of Sheffield.
McEwen, B.S. 1998a. Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 840: 33–44.
McEwen, B.S. 1998b. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine 338(3): 171–179.
Meltzer, H., P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, R. Jenkins, S. McManus, and M.S. Dennis. 2011. Personal debt and suicidal ideation. Psychological Medicine 41: 771–778.
Richardson, T., P. Elliott, and R. Roberts. 2013. The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 33: 1148–1162.
Ruhm, C.J. 2000. Are recessions good for your health? Quarterly Journal of Economics 115: 617–650.
Ruhm, C.J. 2003. Good times make you sick. Journal of Health Economics 22: 637–658.
Schneiderman, N., G. Ironson, and S.D. Siegel. 2005. Stress and health: Psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 1: 607.
Wong, P.W.C., W.S.C. Chan, E.Y.H. Chen, S.S.M. Chan, Y.W. Law, and P.S.F. Yip. 2008. Suicide among adults aged 30–49: A psychological autopsy study in Hong Kong. BMC Public Health 8: 147.
Wong, P.W., W.S. Chan, Y. Conwell, K.R. Conner, and P.S. Yip. 2010. A psychological autopsy study of pathological gamblers who died by suicide. Journal of Affective Disorders 120: 213–216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Selected Works
Selected Works
-
Bridges, S., and R. Disney. 2010. Debt and depression. Journal of Health Economics 29: 388–403.
-
Gathergood, J. 2012. Debt and depression: Causal links and social norm effects. Economic Journal 122:1094–14.
-
Richardson, T., P. Elliott, and R. Roberts. 2013. The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, forthcoming.
Copyright information
© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gathergood, J. (2018). Personal Debt and Psychological Health. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2861
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2861
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-95188-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-95189-5
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences