Skip to main content

Cognitive Dissonance

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management
  • 150 Accesses

Abstract

Cognitive dissonance theory has a long history in psychology, but has been sparsely examined in the economics literature. It can help answer several questions of practical significance, such as: what causes the formation of social underclass (Oxoby R, Econ J 114:727–749, 2004)? When does preaching morality increase immoral behaviour (Rabin M, J Econ Behav Organ 23:177–194, 1994)? Should the government regulate hazardous industries to ensure worker safety (Akerlof G, Dickens W, Am Econ Rev 72:307–319, 1982)? In this entry, we provide an overview of Festinger’s original formulation (1957), outline the subsequent revisions to cognitive dissonance theory and review the related economics literature.

This entry was originally published on Palgrave Connect under ISBN 978-1-137-49190-9. The content has not been changed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akerlof, G., and W. Dickens. 1982. The economic consequence of cognitive dissonance. American Economic Review 72: 307–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E. 1969. The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In Advances in experimental social psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman, J., and M. Irle. 1985. Dissonance and action control. In Action control: From cognition to behavior, ed. J. Kuhl and J. Beckman. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J., and R. Fazio. 1984. A new look at dissonance theory. In Advances in experimental social psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz. Orlando: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. 1957. A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, P., D. Frey, C. Peus, and A. Karenmueller. 2008. The theory of cognitive dissonance: State of the science and directions for future research. In Clashes of knowledge: Orthodoxies and heterodoxies in science and religion, ed. P. Meusburger, M. Welker, and E. Wunder. New York: Springer Science and Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A., and D. Ronis. 1978. Twenty years of cognitive dissonance: Case study of the evolution of a theory. Psychological Review 85: 53–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon-Jones, E. 2000. Cognitive dissonance and experienced negative affect: Evidence that dissonance increases experienced negative affect even in the absence of aversive consequences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26: 1490–1501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon-Jones, E., D. Amodio, and C. Harmon-Jones. 2010. Action-based model of dissonance: On cognitive conflict and attitude change. In Psychology of attitudes and attitude change, ed. J. Forgas, J. Cooper, and W. Crano. New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxoby, R. 2004. Status, cognitive dissonance, and the growth of the underclass. The Economic Journal 114: 727–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin, M. 1994. Cognitive dissonance and social change. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 23: 177–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, D., and G. Cohen. 2006. The psychology of self defense: Self-affirmation theory. In Advances in experimental social psychology, ed. M. Zanna. San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, C. 1988. The psychology of self-affirmation. In Advances in experimental social psychology, ed. L. Berkowitz. San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J. 2003. Self-consistency for low self-esteem in dissonance processes: The role of self-standards. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 846–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J., and J. Cooper. 2003. The effect of self-attribute relevance on how self-esteem moderates attitude change in dissonance processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39: 508–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wilfred Amaldoss .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this entry

Cite this entry

Amaldoss, W., Wang, H. (2016). Cognitive Dissonance. In: Augier, M., Teece, D. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_311-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_311-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-94848-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Business and ManagementReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics