Abstract
Cancer diagnostics and prognosis, propelled by cutting-edge technologies, navigates the evolution from traditional methods to innovative approaches that revolutionize how we detect and predict cancer. The discussion encompasses various facets of modern diagnosis, starting with fluid biopsy and molecular profiling, which offer noninvasive insights into cancer’s molecular signatures. Next-generation sequencing opens windows into the genetic landscape, facilitating personalized treatment strategies. The role of MRI as a robust diagnostic tool is explored, while advanced sensing systems like electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanosensors and aptasensors present novel avenues for early detection. Beyond diagnostics, the chapter delves into staging and grading, vital components for prognosis. The significance of the TNM staging system is highlighted. As precision medicine becomes central, these staging methods empower clinicians to tailor interventions and anticipate disease progression accurately. This exploration underscores the critical role of innovation in elevating diagnostic accuracy, patient care, and prognostic precision, thus paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Aktipis A (2019) The cheating cell: How evolution helps us understand and treat cancer. Princeton University Press
Alquraishi M, Puckett DL, Alani DS, Humidat AS, Frankel VD, Donohoe DR, Whelan J, Bettaieb A (2019) Pyruvate kinase M2: a simple molecule with complex functions. Free Radic Biol Med 143:176–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FREERADBIOMED.2019.08.007
Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, Compton CC, Gershenwald JE, Brookland RK, Meyer L, Gress DM, Byrd DR, Winchester DP (2017) The eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more “personalized” approach to cancer staging: the eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin 67(2):93–99. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21388
Ando K, Hu Q, Kasagi Y, Oki E, Mori M (2021) Recent developments in cancer research: expectations for a new remedy. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 5(4):419–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/AGS3.12440
Aoyagi T, Terracina KP, Raza A, Matsubara H, Takabe K (2015) Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 7(4):17–29. https://doi.org/10.4251/WJGO.V7.I4.17
Behjati S, Tarpey PS (2013) What is next generation sequencing? Arch Dis Childhood Educ Pract 98(6):236–238. https://doi.org/10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2013-304340
Blank CU, Haanen JB, Ribas A, Schumacher TN (2016) Cancer immunology. The “cancer immunogram”. Science 352(6286):658–660. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAF2834
Boddy AM (2022) The need for evolutionary theory in cancer research. Eur J Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10654-022-00936-8
Buzdin A, Skvortsova II, Li X, Wang Y (2021) Editorial: next generation sequencing based diagnostic approaches in clinical oncology. Front Oncol 10:635555. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.635555
Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M (1971) Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res 31(11):1860–1861
Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, Cavalli F, Schwartz LH, Zucca E, Lister TA (2014) Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol 32(27):3059–3067. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8800
Dang YZ, Li X, Ma YX, Li XL, Yang T, Lu WL, Huang SG (2019) 18F-FDG-PET/CT-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 42 FIGO III/IV ovarian cancer: a retrospective study. Oncol Lett 17(1):149–158. https://doi.org/10.3892/OL.2018.9601
DeGregori J (2018) Adaptive oncogenesis: a new understanding of how cancer evolves inside us. Harvard University Press
Dukes CE (1932) The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bacteriol 35(3):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/PATH.1700350303
Farshchi F, Hasanzadeh M (2021) Microfluidic biosensing of circulating tumour cells (CTCs): recent progress and challenges in efficient diagnosis of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 134:111153. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2020.111153
Gao HX, Huang SG, Du JF, Zhang XC, Jiang N, Kang WX, Mao J, Zhao Q (2018) Comparison of prognostic indices in NSCLC patients with brain metastases after radiosurgery. Int J Biol Sci 14(14):2065–2072. https://doi.org/10.7150/IJBS.28608
He T, Guo X, Li X, Liao C, Wang X, He K (2021) Plasma-derived exosomal microrna-130a serves as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oncol 2021:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5547911
Heidary F, Rahimi A, Gharebaghi R (2013) Poverty as a risk factor in human cancers. Iran J Public Health 42(3):341
Koltai T (2020) The Ph paradigm in cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 74(Suppl 1):14–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41430-020-0684-6
Liu L, Ancoli-Israel S (2008) Sleep disturbances in cancer. Psychiatr Ann 38(9):627–634. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20080901-01
Lone SN, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Singh M, Rizwan A, Hashem S, El-Rifai W, Bedognetti D, Batra SK, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA (2022) Liquid biopsy: a step closer to transform diagnosis, prognosis and future of cancer treatments. Mol Cancer 21(1):79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01543-7
National Cancer Institute (2021) FDA approves blood tests that can help guide cancer treatment. Available at www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/fda-guardant-360-foundation-one-cancer-liquid-biopsy. Accessed September 20, 2021
Pastorino R, Sassano M, Danilo Tiziano F, Giraldi L, Amore R, Arzani D, Abiusi E, Ahrens W, Vilches LA, Canova C, Healy CM, Holcatova I, Lagiou P, Polesel J, Popovic M, Nygård S, Cadoni G, Znaor A, Boffetta P … Boccia S (2022) Plasma miR-151-3p as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for head and neck cancer: a cross-sectional study within the INHANCE consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 31(12):2237–2243. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0376
Qian W, Zhang Y, Chen W (2015) Capturing cancer: emerging microfluidic technologies for the capture and characterization of circulating tumour cells. Small 11(32):3850–3872. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMLL.201403658
Qiao D, Gu C, Wang W, Yan W, Jiang C, Hu J, Shang A, Guo J (2022) Tumour-originated exosomal hsa-miR-3937 as a minimally invasive early biomarker for liquid biopsy of colorectal cancer. J Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6990955
Rami-Porta R, Bolejack V, Crowley J, Ball D, Kim J, Lyons G, Rice T, Suzuki K, Thomas CF, Travis WD, Wu YL (2015) The IASLC lung cancer staging project: proposals for the revisions of the T descriptors in the forthcoming eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 10(7):990–1003. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000559
Sadik A, Somarribas Patterson LF, Öztürk S, Mohapatra SR, Panitz V, Secker PF, Pfänder P, Loth S, Salem H, Prentzell MT, Berdel B, Iskar M, Faessler E, Reuter F, Kirst I, Kalter V, Foerster KI, Jäger E, Guevara CR … Opitz CA (2020) IL4I1 is a metabolic immune checkpoint that activates the AHR and promotes tumour progression. Cell 182(5):1252–1270.e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CELL.2020.07.038
Seymour L, Bogaerts J, Perrone A, Ford R, Schwartz LH, Mandrekar S, Lin NU, Litière S, Dancey J, Chen A, Hodi FS, Therasse P, Hoekstra OS, Shankar LK, Wolchok JD, Ballinger M, Caramella C, de Vries EGE (2017) iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics. Lancet Oncol 18(3):e143–e152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30074-8
Sharma A, Dulta K, Nagraik R, Dua K, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Kumar D, Shin DS (2022) Potentialities of aptasensors in cancer diagnosis. Mater Lett 308:131240. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATLET.2021.131240
Sheflin AM, Whitney AK, Weir TL (2014) Cancer-promoting effects of microbial dysbiosis. Curr Oncol Rep 16(10):406. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11912-014-0406-0
Sun Y, Haglund TA, Rogers AJ, Ghanim AF, Sethu P (2018) Review: microfluidics technologies for blood-based cancer liquid biopsies. Anal Chim Acta 1012:10–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACA.2017.12.050
Swietach P (2019) What is pH regulation, and why do cancer cells need it? Cancer Metastasis Rev 38(1–2):5–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10555-018-09778-X
Swietach P, Leem CH, Spitzer KW, Vaughan-Jones RD (2014) Pumping Ca2+ up H+ gradients: a Ca2+–H+ exchanger without a membrane. J Physiol 592(Pt 15):3179. https://doi.org/10.1113/JPHYSIOL.2013.265959
Taube JM, Klein A, Brahmer JR, Xu H, Pan X, Kim JH, Chen L, Pardoll DM, Topalian SL, Anders RA (2014) Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumour immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clin Cancer Res 20(19):5064–5074. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271
Thi Chung Duong T, Nguyen THN, Thi Ngoc Nguyen T, Huynh LH, Ngo HP, Thi Nguyen H (2022) Diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-200 family in breast cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol 77:102097. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CANEP.2022.102097
Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Horn L, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Sharfman WH, Anders RA … Sznol M (2012) Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 366(26):2443–2454. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1200690
Warren S (1932) The immediate causes of death in cancer. Am J Med Sci 184(5):610–615. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-193211000-00002
Zhang Y, Yu J (2020) The role of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Diagn Interv Radiol 26(3):176. https://doi.org/10.5152/DIR.2019.19375
Zhang B, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao H, An R (2022) High expression of MicroRNA-200a/b indicates potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer. Dis Markers 2022:2751696. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2751696
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Reddy, P. et al. (2024). Technological Advancements in Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. In: Sobti, R.C., Ganguly, N.K., Kumar, R. (eds) Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6263-1_81
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6263-1_81
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6262-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6263-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences