Abstract
Cancer leads to millions of morbidities and mortalities throughout the world, annually. There are well-established discrepancies in cancer incidence and outcomes by geographical regions and ethnicity of individuals. These differences result from various factors like environmental, genetic, physiological, and socioeconomic. Statistical data about the factors responsible for cancer, its different types and their incidences are essential in devising strategies for the management of this disease. This chapter discusses the statistics of cancer in different regions of the world and in racial groups.
References
ACS (American Cancer Society) (2022) Risk of dying from cancer continues to drop at an accelerated pace. https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/facts-and-figures-2022.html
Agboola AJ, Musa AA, Wanangwa N et al (2012) Molecular characteristics and prognostic features of breast cancer in Nigerian compared with UK women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 135(2):555–569
Alonso R, Pineros M, Laversanne M et al (2018) Lung cancer incidence trends in Uruguay 1990-2014: an age-period-cohort analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 55:17–22
Angela N, Giaquinto MSPH, Kimberly D et al (2022) Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 72(3):202–229
Arnold M, Abnet CC, Neale RE et al (2020) Global burden of 5 major types of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 159:335–349.e15
Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E et al (2021) The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer 127(16):3029–3030
Brinton LA, Gaudet MM, Gierach GL (2018) Breast cancer. In: Thun M, Linet MS, Cerhan JR, Haiman CA, Schottenfeld D (eds) Cancer epidemiology and prevention, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, pp 861–888
Cassidy PB, Abdel-Malek ZA, Leachman SA (2015) Beyond red hair and sunburns: uncovering the molecular mechanisms of MC1R signaling and repair of UV-induced DNA damage. J Invest Dermatol 135(12):2918–2921
Clarke CA, Keegan TH, Yang J (2021) Age-specific incidence of breast cancer subtypes: understanding the black-white crossover. J Natl Cancer Inst 104(14):1094–1101
Gloster HM Jr, Neal K (2006) Skin cancer in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 55(5):741–760
Goldstein I, Hager GL (2015) Transcriptional and chromatin regulation during fasting-the genomic era. Trends Endocrinol Metab 26(12):699–710
Guda K, Veigl ML, Varadan V et al (2015) Novel recurrently mutated genes in African American colon cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(4):1149–1154
Herrero R, Murillo R (2018) Cervical cancer. In: Thun M, Linet MS, Cerhan JR, Haiman CA, Schottenfeld D (eds) Cancer epidemiology and prevention, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, pp 925–946
Jin H, Pinheiro PS, Xu J et al (2016) Cancer incidence among Asian American populations in the United States, 2009–2011. Int J Cancer 138(9):2136–2145
Kulothungan V, Sathishkumar K, Leburu S et al (2022) Burden of cancers in India – estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program. BMC Cancer 22:527
Lalueza-Fox C, Rompler H, Caramelli D et al (2007) A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals. Science 318(5855):1453–1455
Lee C, Safdie FM, Raffaghello L et al (2010) Reduced levels of IGF-I mediate differential protection of normal and cancer cells in response to fasting and improve chemotherapeutic index. Cancer Res 70(4):1564–1572
Lee C, Raffaghello L, Longo VD (2021) Starvation, detoxification, and multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. Drug Resist Update 15(1–2):114–122
Lekalakala PT, Khammissa RA, Kramer B et al (2015) Oculocutaneous albinism and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Skin Cancer 2015:167847
Mathur P, Sathishkumar K, Chaturvedi M et al (2020) ICMR-NCDIR-NCRP Investigator Group. Cancer statistics, 2020: report from National Cancer Registry Programme, India. JCO Glob Oncol:1063–1075
Metcalfe KA, Poll A, Royer R et al (2020) Screening for founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in unselected Jewish women. J Clin Oncol 28:387–391
Moosa MR (2005) Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and pattern of malignancies after kidney transplantation. Medicine 84(1):12–22
Mu L, Liu L, Niu R et al (2013) Indoor air pollution and risk of lung cancer among Chinese female non-smokers. Cancer Causes Control 24:439–450
Parkin DM, Bray FI, Devesa SS (2001) Cancer burden in the year 2000. The global picture. Eur J Cancer 37(suppl 8):S4–S66
Rebbeck TR, Devesa SS, Chang BL et al (2013) Global patterns of prostate cancer incidence, aggressiveness, and mortality in men of African descent. Prostate Cancer 2013:560857
Sathishkumar K, Chaturvedi M, Das P et al (2022) Cancer incidence estimates for 2022 & projection for 2025: Result from National Cancer Registry Programme, India. Ind J Medical Res. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1821_22
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Goding-Sauer A et al (2020) Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin 70:145–164
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE et al (2022) Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin 72(1):7–33
Sinha DN, Abdulkader RS, Gupta PC (2016) Smokeless tobacco-associated cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Indian studies. Int J Cancer 138(6):1368–1379
Sriplung H, Bilheem S, Kuntipundee T et al (2014) Differences in cancer incidence among predominantly Muslim and Buddhist subpopulations in Songkhla. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 15(22):9979–9983
Thun M, Peto R, Boreham J et al (2012) Stages of the cigarette epidemic on entering its second century. Tob Control 21:96–101
Turner MC, Andersen ZJ, Baccarelli A et al (2020) Outdoor air pollution and cancer: an overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations. CA Cancer J Clin 70:460–479
W.H.O. (World Health Organization) (2022). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V et al (2004) Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin 54:78–93
WCRF (2022). https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/worldwide-cancer-data/
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (2020) Continuous update project expert report 2018. Body fatness and weight gain and the risk of cancer. Accessed 27 Oct 2020
Yadav SP, Sachdeva A (2007) Linking diet, religion and cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(18_suppl):21172–21172
Zavala VA, Bracci PM, Carethers JM et al (2021) Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Br J Cancer 124:315–332
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Rani, S., Kaura, T., Kumar, V. (2024). Cancer Statistics: Geographical and Racial Disparities. In: Sobti, R.C., Ganguly, N.K., Kumar, R. (eds) Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6263-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6263-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-6262-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-6263-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences