Abstract
The historical findings of patients with cancer from ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations support the millennium long medical history of cancer. However, the disease at that time was mostly treated with not so effective radical surgery and cautery, making death the ultimate outcome of cancer patients. Over the centuries, various breakthrough discoveries have not only reformed the cancer detection but also contributed to the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The most significant of them was the unearthing of cytotoxic antitumor drugs and the inception of chemotherapy. Since then, an exponential progress has been witnessed over the time about new cancer drugs. Another revolution in the field of oncology was targeted therapy with the development of specific drugs for some molecular targets involved in vital neoplastic processes. Collectively, chemotherapy and targeted therapy have definitely enhanced not only the survival rate but also the quality of life of cancer patients. In present times, genetic engineering studies have amplified the further advancements of cancer biology by utilizing monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors specifically for advanced or metastatic tumors. Hence, cancer research has continuously grown with an intend to develop newer and better therapeutic approaches for cancer. Most recent, artificial intelligence and precision medicine are certainly going to bring a new revolution in the field of medical oncology.
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Sharma, I., Sharma, A., Tomer, R., Negi, N., Sobti, R.C. (2024). History, Evolution, and Milestones in Cancer Research and Treatment. In: Sobti, R.C., Ganguly, N.K., Kumar, R. (eds) Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6263-1_2
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