Abstract
Moral entitlement as a developmental topic of moral sustainability is expounded in respect of the Tawhidi epistemic explanation in the derived Tawhidi IIE(θ(ε))-model. Thereby, specific topics that have been studied are firstly how does the foundation of the moral/ethical parameters establish a revolutionary socio-scientific theory. Discussion on a formal perspective is put forth on the questions as to why and how the imminent socio-scientific methodological worldview is superior to occidental thought in all branches of socio-scientific thought. Examples taken up in this regard are charity as productive resource in the entirety of Tawhidi episteme of socio-economic development. The concept of planetary wellbeing, that is, wellbeing in its human-ecological generality and details of disciplines, is proven to be the evaluative measure of the critical issues studied. The objective of this chapter is thus to extend the theoretical and applied concepts of wellbeing by sustainability of Tawhidi unified interrelationships between the moral choices while avoiding the unwanted ones. Specific examples are explained.
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Notes
- 1.
Let IF(θ(ε)) denote the inheritance fund made up of the inheritance shares (Ii((θ(ε))) of n-participating members, i = 1,2,…,n. IF(θ(ε)) is net of financial costs and financial obligations. Due to the principle of inter-share complementarities, IF(θ(ε)) = Πi=1n Ii((θ(ε)). Rates of return on IF(θ(ε)) and shares, respectively, are R(IF(θ(ε))) = Σi=1nRi(Ii((θ(ε))). Net zakat-rate on R(IF(θ(ε))) equates to 2.5%x R(IF(θ(ε))). Therefore, R(IF(θ(ε))) > 2.5%x R(IF(θ(ε))) by 97.5%.
- 2.
Qur’an (4:36): “Serve God, and join not any partners with Him; and do good - to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbours who are near, neighbours who are strangers, the Companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and what your right hands possess: For God loves not the arrogant, the vainglorious”; (4:36) “(Nor) those who are niggardly or enjoin niggardliness on others, or hide the bounties which God hath bestowed on them; for We have prepared, for those who resist Faith, a Punishment that steeps them in contempt…” (Qur’an 4:37).
- 3.
Quantity Theory of Money and Prices: M.v = p.y ⇒ M = (1/v).(p.y) = k.(p.y) ⇒ M = p.y as v = constant, yielding gM = gp + gy; this means the optimal circulation of money equates to the real output level without increasing price level.
Keynes’ general economic equilibrium of full employment: LM (monetary equilibrium equation) = expenditure.
The equilibrium lever, particularly in Keynesian case, is the rate of interest to establish the above equilibrium. But such an equilibrium situation is untenable in Tawhidi economy explained by Tawhidi IIE(θ(ε))-model. That is because the riba-free Tawhidi economy is the result of money circulation between the commercial bank financing and the spending in the real economy in the absence of fractional reserve requirement monetary system. This changes the entire nature of relationship of the central bank with the commercial bank and the function of money in complementary relationship with the real economy. There is no inflationary effect of so-called excessive spending as in the hump of the business cycle.
- 4.
The hyper-topology H is defined as the res extensa and res cogitans history in conscious continuum that generates all possible complementarities qua simultaneity, unification, and order by the primal mapping having its well-defined subset of mappings. H is thereby defined in terms of the over-encompassing mapping for the generality of all events in “everything.” H as the totality of all possible mappings comprising “everything,” denoted by H(θ(ε)∈[Ω,S]), has subset of mappings {f(θ(ε))∈ H(θ(ε)) ∈ [Ω,S]}. Thereby, we define H(θ(ε)) = {z1,z2,t}[θ(ε)∈(Ω,S)]. We now define the sub-mappings f1: [Ω,S] → f1(z1,t1)[θ(ε)] and f2: {f1(z1,t1) → f2(z2,t2)}[θ(ε)]}. (z1,t1)[θ(ε)] denotes primal ontological domain (a priori = Revelation) that relates to time in its primordial (transcendental) form. (z2,t2)[θ(ε)] denotes the domain of Reason in the world-system (a posteriori) in the derived temporal order. The properties of hyper-topology and its subsets are the same as of topology, except that H is characterized by the primordial Revelation as ontology that has the property of “unbounded closure” at its terminal point of super-cardinality (Hereafter).
- 5.
Double arrows indicate the recursive evolutionary learning between Revelation and Reason along the conscious continuum, HH. The encircled are the domains of interconnected evolutionary learning events with specific evolutionary equilibriums on HH where the planetary wellbeing is evaluated.
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Choudhury, M.A. (2024). The Theory of Moral Entitlement in IPS. In: Handbook of Islamic Philosophy of Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5634-0_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5634-0_13
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